Nucleus & Units: Chemistry 1-2

Theory

A well tested explanation of natural events

Albert Einstein

German physicist who mathematically proved the existence of atoms in 1905.

Robert Brown

botanist who observed the movement of pollen grains. This random movement of particles is known as Brownian motion.

Atoms

Building blocks of matter

Proton

A positively charged particle

Neutron

Neutral charge

Electron

A negatively charged particle

Atomic Number

Number of protons in an atom

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Isotones

Atoms with the same numbers of neutrons but different number of protons.

Isobars

Atoms with the same mass number but different atomic numbers.

Isomer

Atoms with the same chemical formula but different arrangements.

Relative Atomic Mass

weight average of all isotopes of an element that reflects the abundance in nature. Not usually expressed as a whole number

Mass Number

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

Arbitrary

Units in science are completely ____

International Prototype of the Kilogram

an object whose mass was used to define the kilogram from 1889 until 2019, when it was replaced by a new definition of the kilogram based entirely on physical constants.

7

All units are derived from the _____ fundamental base units

meter

m = _____

kilogram

kg = _____

second

s = _____

ampere

A = _____

kelvin

K = _____

candela

cd = _____

mole

mol = _____

length

A meter is a measurement for?

mass

A kilogram is a measurement for?

time

A second is a measurement for?

electric current

An ampere is a measurement for?

temperature

A kelvin is a measurement for?

luminous intensity

A candela is a measurement for?

amount of substance

A mole is a measurement for?

length/time

SPEED = ____/____

length/time^2

ACCELERATION =____/____^2

mass*acceleration

FORCE =______*_____

force*displacement

WORK =______*______

work/time

POWER =______/______

know

Significant Figures use only the numbers that you _____

decimal point

6.0 x 10^1 moves the ______ ______ however many spots the exponent in 10 states.

Scientific Notation

A method of writing or displaying numbers in terms of a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10.

Moles

Basically “atomic mass, but in grams.”