9: Intelligence

Robert Sternberg

________: argued that an important component of intelligence is related to our ability to demonstrate skills that are practical or useful in the environment.

Emotional intelligence

________ is the ability to recognize and understand emotions in ourselves and others, as well as the ability to manage those feelings effectively.

Quantitative Reasoning

________- Problem- solving involving numbers.

Phenylketonuria

________ (PKU): A genetic disease that allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate in the body.

Congenital hypothyroidism

________: Stunted growth and intellectual disability caused by an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone.

IV

The SB5, WAIS- ________, and WISC- V measure both verbal and performance intelligence through tests of working memory, quantitative reasoning, and visual- spatial processing, for example.

Microcephaly

________: A disorder in which the head and brain are abnormally small.

Metacognitive skills

________: An ability to manage ones own thinking and problem- solving efforts.

special talents

Giftedness: The possession of either a high IQ or ________ or aptitudes.

Intelligence

________ defined as a g has some value because it correlates with many outcomes a culture views as important.

Hydrocephaly

________: A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities.

Validity

________: The ability to measure what it purports to measure.

cognitive ability

Mental age: In intelligence testing, the average ________ is displayed by people of a given age.

G factor

________: Measure of an individuals overall intelligence as opposed to specific abilities.

SB5

________ measures five cognitive factors.

Performance

________ (nonverbal) intelligence: Intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures, and other nonverbal tasks.

Aptitude

________: A capacity for learning certain abilities.

Reliability

________: The ability of a test to yield the same score, or nearly the same score, each time it is given to the same person.

Normal distribution

________: Bell- shaped curve of scores with a large number in the middle and very few on the high and low ends.

Norm

________: An average score for a designated group of people.

General Aptitude

________: Measures a narrower range of abilities than intelligence tests do.

calendar calculation

Savant syndrome: The possession of exceptional mental ability in one or more narrow areas, such as mental arithmetic, ________, art, or music, by a person of limited general intelligence.

Reaction time

________: The amount of time that a person must look at a stimulus to make a correct judgment about it.

Intelligence quotient

________ (IQ): Mental age divided by chronological age times 100.

Multiple Intelligence

________: Howard Gardners theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability.

Psychometric test

________: Any measurement of a persons mental functions.

Neural intelligence

________: The innate speed and efficiency of a persons brain and nervous system.

Artificial intelligence

________ (AI) refers to any artificial system that can perform tasks that require intelligence when done by people.

General intelligence test

________: A test that measures a wide variety of intellectual abilities.

Experiential intelligence

________: Specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience.

individual gene

Every ________ contributes a small amount to a persons intelligence.

Early childhood education program

________: A program that provides stimulating intellectual experiences, typically for disadvantaged preschoolers.

Intelligence

________ refers to the general capacity (or g- factor) to act purposefully, think rationally, and adapt to the environment.

Emotional intelligence

________: The ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions.

Intelligence

________ is expressed as an intelligence quotient (IQ), defined as mental age divided by chronological age and then multiplied by 100.

Intelligence

________: Capacity for rational thought, purposeful action, and effective adaption.

Intelligence

Capacity for rational thought, purposeful action, and effective adaption

G-factor

Measure of an individuals overall intelligence as opposed to specific abilities

Fluid intelligence

The ability to solve novel problems involving perceptual speed or rapid insight

Crystallized intelligence

The ability to solve problems using already acquired knowledge

Aptitude

A capacity for learning certain abilities

Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardners theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability

Robert Sternberg

argued that an important component of intelligence is related to our ability to demonstrate skills that are practical or useful in the environment

Psychometric test

Any measurement of a persons mental functions

Reliability

The ability of a test to yield the same score, or nearly the same score, each time it is given to the same person

Validity

The ability to measure what it purports to measure

Culture-fair test

A test (such as an intelligence test) designed to minimize the importance of skills and knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others

Objective test

A test that gives the same score when different people correct it

Test Standardization

Establishing standards for administering a test and interpreting scores

Norm

An average score for a designated group of people

General Aptitude

Measures a narrower range of abilities than intelligence tests do

Special Aptitude test

A test to predict a persons likelihood of succeeding in a particular area of work or skill

Multiple Aptitude Test

A test that measures two or more aptitudes

General intelligence test

A test that measures a wide variety of intellectual abilities

Alfred Binet

Compared test scores of individual children to average scores for their age

Current version

Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales, 5th Edition (SB5)

Quantitative Reasoning

Problem-solving involving numbers

Performance (nonverbal) intelligence

Intelligence measured by solving puzzles, assembling objects, completing pictures, and other nonverbal tasks

Mental age

In intelligence testing, the average cognitive ability is displayed by people of a given age

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Mental age divided by chronological age times 100

Normal distribution

Bell-shaped curve of scores with a large number in the middle and very few on the high and low ends

Deviation IQ

An IQ obtained statistically from a persons relative standing in his or her age group-that is, how far above or below average the persons score is relative to other scores

Giftedness

The possession of either a high IQ or special talents or aptitudes

Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental disorder)

The presence of a developmental disability, a formal IQ score below 70, and significant impairment of adaptive behavior

Savant syndrome

The possession of exceptional mental ability in one or more narrow areas, such as mental arithmetic, calendar calculation, art, or music, by a person of limited general intelligence

Familial intellectual disability

Mild intellectual disability associated with homes that are intellectually, nutritionally, and emotionally impoverished

Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome; results in an intellectual disability

Fragile X syndrome

A genetic form of intellectual disability caused by a defect in the X chromosome

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A genetic disease that allows phenylpyruvic acid to accumulate in the body

Microcephaly

A disorder in which the head and brain are abnormally small

Hydrocephaly

A buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain cavities

Congenital hypothyroidism

Stunted growth and intellectual disability caused by an insufficient supply of thyroid hormone

Twin study

A comparison of the characteristics of twins who were raised together or separated at birth; used to identify the relative impact of heredity and environment

Fraternal twins

Twins conceived from two separate eggs

Identical twins

Twins who develop from a single egg and so share the same genes

Reaction time

The amount of time that a person must look at a stimulus to make a correct judgment about it

Speed of processing

The speed with which a person can mentally process information

Neural intelligence

The innate speed and efficiency of a persons brain and nervous system

Experiential intelligence

Specialized knowledge and skills acquired through learning and experience

Reflective intelligence

An ability to become aware of ones own thinking habits

Metacognitive skills

An ability to manage ones own thinking and problem-solving efforts

The Flynn Effect

rapid rise in IQ in the last 50 years

Early childhood education program

A program that provides stimulating intellectual experiences, typically for disadvantaged preschoolers

Artificial intelligence (AI)

Any artificial system (often a computer program) that is capable of human-like problem-solving or intelligent responding

Emotional intelligence

The ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions

Current classifications of intellectual disability are as follows

mild (50-55 to 70), moderate (35-40 to 50-55), severe (20-25 to 35-40), and profound (below 20-25)

Moreover, the importance of genes changes across the lifespan

they are less important earlier in life, but are more important contributors to intelligence as we move into adulthood

The second problem has to do with the fact that past research has relied on a very crude measure of race

identification using a limited number of options on a form, or obvious characteristics such as skin color

People who are "smart" emotionally are able to make use of each of the four components of emotional intelligence

perceiving emotions, using emotions, understanding emotions, and managing emotions