Studied by 1 personHenry Clay
speaker of the HoR; proposed the American System suggested by Madison
Eli Whitney
creator of the cotton gin; made interchangeable parts
Monroe Doctrine
formal warning to all European power that they would not interfere with each others affairs
Nationalism
belief that national interest should be placed over sectional interest
Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay’s idea to preserve the sectional balance in the Senate; Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri became a slave state; was signed in 1820 on the 36*30 line
Election of 1824 & 1828
(1824) Jacksonian Democrats were created, modern day Democrats | (1828) voting requirements eased; 350,000 men voted (3x last vote); expansion of voting rights meant candidates had to be able to speak to the concerns of the common people
Andrew Jackson
War hero who (battle of NOLA |Old Hickory|); when president he opposed and disbanded BUS; his followers were called Jacksonions and were part of the Jacksonian Democracy.
Spoil System
andrew jackson giving government jobs to his friends and supporters
Indian Removal Act
1830; act of Congress that eventually led to the Trail of Tears
Trail of Tears
the forced removal of the Cherokke from their land
Worcester v. Georgia
ruled in Worcester’s favor; the states did not have the right to impose regulation on native American land; Andrew Jackson didn’t care…”John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it.”
Tariff of abomination
when John C. Calhoun referred the 1828 tariff as, calling it “disgusting and loathsome”
Nullification Theory
questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in sovereign states
Force Bill
Bill that allowed the federal government to use the army and navy against South Caroline if state authorities resisted paying proper duties
John Tyler
Harrison’s vice president and successor; opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery; (has 2 grandchildren still living today); nicknamed “His Accidency” because it was a mistake putting him as president
American System
plan proposed by James Madison; a system to unite regions of the US; was supposed to project industries
Adam-Onis Treaty
Spain gave Florida to the US for $5 million (Florida Purchase Treaty); they did this because they were too weak to control their territories.
Amelia Bloomer
Publisher of a temperance paper; wore loose-fitting pants tied at the ankles
Catherine Beecher
worked health survey, ⅓ of women were sick, Why? because of clothing style, bathing, & exercise
Commonwealth v. Hunt
ruled that labor unions were not illegal conspiracies in restraint of trade; made strikes legal, but it did not bring significant changes in the rights of laborers; many Massachusetts judges still considered unions illegal
Cottage Industry
people were making cloth before machines did it; replaced by Power Looms
David Walker
published - Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829); Claimed that if you don’t fight for freedom; you deserve to be held in slavery…even though he wasn’t a slave
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
couldn’t speak at World’s Anti Slavery Movement in London because they were a women; vowed to fight for women’s rights (especially to vote)
Frederick Douglas
slave that was taught to read by the masters wife; “Knowledge is the pathway to freedom.”; became a lecturer for the anti-slavery movement in 1841; friends with WLG; had a weekly paper called “The North Star”...later changed to “The Fredrick Douglass Paper”
Grimke sisters
Sarah & Angelina; slaveholding family but against slavery; Angelina wrote “An Appeal to Christian Women of the South”; “Overthrow the horrible system of oppression and cruelty.”
Harriet Tubman
one of the most famous conductors of the Underground RxR; was called Black Moses the way she led slaves out of slavery.
Henry David Thoreau
lived alone for 2 years in a cabin he built on Walden Pond (near Concord, Mass.); pushed for Civil Disobedience
Irish Immigrants
Irish people who fled Ireland because of the potato famine.
Journeymen
2nd highest role for an artisan; assist the master; while also teaching an apprentice
LeCretia Mott
vowed to fight for women’s rights with Elizabteh Stanton after not being able to speak at the World’s Anti Slavery movement; Convention for Women’s Rights
Lloyd Garrison
abolitionist who wrote Liberator; some whites hated him; wanted emancipation now; attacked churches & government for failing to condemn slavery
Lowell Mill Workers
mostly unmarried girls under the age of 30; had strict rules; Mill windows were nailed shut; smoke from oil lamps & cotton dust made it hard to breathe
National Trade Union
largest union; lasted from until 1837; formed from journeyman's organization from six industries
Nat Turner
slave preacher who believed he received a sign from god (eclipse); he gathered up some other slaves and killed 60 whites; he was captured, hanged, and skinned; in retaliation the whites killed 200 blacks (most were innocent); tighter laws
Ralph Waldo Emerson
leading transcendental philosopher
Sojourner Truth
Isabella Baumfree; Sojourned & preached the Truth about slavery; most famous speech – Ain’t I a Woman
Strike
People don’t work and rebel against the unfair pay cuts from Mills; were either dismissed or blacklisted (can’t work anywhere else)
Tax supported education
(1830) US needed a tax supported education for public schools; some did not support tax dollars paying for ed, especially the well to do of society and foreigners living in this country.
Abraham Lincoln
questioned the truthfulness of Polk message and want for a war; asked “wether our citizens whose blood was shed…”
Alamo
Abandoned fort/mission in Texas
Capitalism
gave individuals and companies the right to own factories, machines, & land
Charles Goodyear
vulcanized rubber; how to keep rubber elastic and waterproof under extreme temperatures
Davy Crockett
famous frontiersman who had a raccoon cap with a long tail hanging down his back; died at the Alamo
Empresario
a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for settling Texas; land grant agent
Entrepreneur
risked their own money but made huge profits; (Undertake…)
Federalism
some powers belong to the national government, and some powers belong to the state government
Gadsden Purchase
established the current border of the lower 48 states
James K Polk
president of the US, was committed to fulfilling the goals of Manifest Destiny
Jim Bowie
famous frontiersman who designed the razor-sharp Bowie knife; died at the Alamo
John Fremont
led an expedition through Mexico Alta (upper) California, a violation of Mexican law
John Slidell
was sent to Mexico by polk to work out the border dispute
Market Revolution
buying and sellings goods instead of making them for your self
Mormon settlement in Utah…
Salt Lake City
Northern Province of Mexico…
New Mexico, California, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, & Utah
Republic of California
Bear Flag Republic (had a grizzly bear on their flag)
Result of Gold Rush in population
California had a population boom and became a state
Sam Houston
first president of Texas; defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto
Santa Anna
Mexican President (11 different times) that fought against the Texans; lost his leg during the Pastry War against the French; had his leg stolen twice by the 4th infantry of Illinois
Socialism
way to foster equality among a countries citizens; most countries don’t have a completely socialist or capitalist society.
Specialization
farmers shift to specialization from self-sufficiency
Spot Resolution
when Lincoln asked Polk to certify the spot where the skirmish had occurred
Steamboat (Robert Fulton)
boat powered/propelled by steam
Stephen Austin
developed a city between the Brazos & Colorado river; wanted Texas to be a part of the USA; (1825) issued 297 land grants, AKA - “Texas Old 300” (177 acres/10 year tax exempt)
Stephen Kearny
long marcher – crossed 900 miles to Santa Fe, then to california
Telegraph
carried messages taped in code across wire
Treaty of Fort Laramie
gave natives some control over the Central Plains
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
gave the US California
Treaty of San Jacinto
gave independence to Texas
Treaty of Velasco
gave Texas its independence; became the Lone Star Republic; set Santa Anna free
Why did the south want to annex Texas?
They believed it would enter the Union as a slave state, increasing the power of the slave states in the Senate
Winfield Scott
General during Spanish-American War; AKA - Old Fuss & Feathers
Zachary Taylor
was ordered by polk to lead troops to Rio Grande
American Party
Know-Nothing Party; very secretive, secret handshakes; replied “I know nothing” when asked questions
Black Moses
Harriet Tubman; called Black Moses because, like Moses, she led people out of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
when people rushed to Kansas to make it a free or a slave state; started killing each other and fighting was happening everywhere (in Kansas); John Brown went to a proslavery camp at Pottawatomie Creek & beheaded people, 200 people died on both sides of the fight
Border Ruffians
from Missouri; crossed the border and voted illegally
Compromise of 1850
Compromise created by Henry Clay; the North would get California as a free state, and the South would get tighter fugitive slave laws; Southwest territory organizing; settled TX–NM boundary dispute; territorial gov. Established in Utah; sale of slaves banned in DC
Dred Scott
Sam Blow; lived in free territory for 4 years before returning to Missouri, owner dies, Dred sues; SCOTUS ruled not in his favor and he was sold back to his original owner and set free
Franklin Pierce
Democrat; elected in 1852 after he beat Winfield Scott; managed to bring the Kansas-Nebraska (KN) Act into play in 1854; 14th president
Freeport Doctrine
Samel Douglas’ response to PS; “Slavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless i is supported by local police regulations.”
Free-Soil Party
Northerners who are opposed to the extension but were not abolitionists
Fugitive Slave Law
part of the Compromise of 1850; required people in free states to help capture/return slaves
Harriet Beecher Stowe
born in CT to a reform family; told of slavery as the great moral tragedy
Jefferson Davis
1st and only president of the CSA; born in Kentucky and raised in Mississippi
John Brown
“Gods Little Angry White Man”; went to a proslavery camp at Pottawatomie Creek & beheaded a people, 200 people died on both sides of the fight; felt that he was called by God to end slavery; Bleeding Kansas; attempted a revolt at Harpers Ferry
John C. Calhoun
demanded that slavery be allowed in new territories, if not the South would withdraw from the union; “Perfect Equilibrium”
Kansas-Nebraska Act
SD introduced a bill to Congress to divide the area into 2 territories (NE North & KS South); repealed the Missouri Compromise & established Popular Sovereignty
Lawrence
when pro-slavery settlers attacked and destroyed Lawrence, Kansas; the town was founded by anti-slavery settlers from MA hoping to make Kansas a free state
Lecompton Constitution
applied for statehood/constitution allowed slavery; free-soilers outnumbered pro slavery 10-1 and rejected the constitution; Pres. Buchanan still approved; set Steven Douglas because of popular sovereignty; constitution was voted pm again and defeated
Missouri Compromise
was declared unconstitutional; destroyed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act; cleared the way for slavery..
Popular sovereignty
the territory decides if it wants slavery or not
Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
John Brown went to a proslavery camp at Pottawatomie Creek; 5 people were beheaded, 200 people died on both sides of the fight
Republican Party
anti-slavery; Lincoln was their first president
Roger Taney
SC chief justice who decided on the Dred Scott Decision; said that, “Slaves do not have the rights of citizens.”; also declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional
Southern Secession
leaving (in this context it was a state leaving the union); would cause a massive split and could lead to war
Stephen Douglas
didn’t care about slavery, only about popular sovereignty; pushed to organize Kansas & Nebraska; wanted a RxR between Chicago & San Francisco, made a deal with southerners to make it happen; decided to repeal the Missouri Compromise (KN Act)
Whig Party
political party that collapsed because of slavery
Who won the presidential election in 1856 and what party?
Buchanan (Democrats)
Why were threats of secession feared?
People thought it would cause the Union to split
Wilmot Proviso
slavery in California & territories of Utah & NM (would be banned forever); failed twice
Note
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