Studied by 6 peopleWhich of the following epithelia forms the wall of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?
a) pseudostratified columnar b) simple columnar c) simple squamos d) simple cuboidal
c) simple squamos
how can cartilage maintain its function even though it is avascular
a) the perichondrium prevents any exchange of nutrients and waste products b) cartilage has extensive blood vessels c) nutrients and waste products diffuse through the cartilage's matrix d) cartilage is only the thickness of a few cells e) cartilage does not contain living cells
c) nutrients and waste products diffuse through the cartilage's matrix
which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?
a) lymphocytes b) mast cells c) adipocytes d) macrophages e) fibroblasts
e) fibroblasts
epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ______ at their free surface
a) golgi complex b) mitochondria c) junctional complexes d) microvilli e) cilia
d) microvilli
the most common type of cartilage is ______ cartilage
a) osseous b) elastic c) fibrous d) hyaline e) ligamentous
d) hyaline
which tissue in the wall of the uterus is required for labor contractions
a) smooth muscle b) elastic cartilage c) stratified squamous d) skeletal muscle
a) smooth muscle
the shape of the external ear is maintained by ______
a) hyaline cartilage b) elastic cartilage c) fibrocartilage d) adipose tissue
b) elastic cartilage
the three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
a) loose, dense, and irregular b) tendons, ligaments, and elastic ligaments c) cartilage, bone, and collagen d) polar, cellular, and permeable e) collagen, reticular, and elastic
e) collagen, reticular, and elastic
voluntary movements are carried out by the contraction of
a) smooth muscle b) skeletal muscle c) cardiac muscle d) all types of muscles e) nonstriated muscle
b) skeletal muscle
an example of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium would be
a) the lining of the anus b) the lining of the oral cavity c) the outer covering of the intestines d) exposed skin e) air sacs of the lungs
d) exposed skin
which kind of connective tissue has collagen fibers aligned parallel to each other
a) dense irregular CT b) areolar tissue c) adipose tissue d) superficial fascia e) dense regular CT
e) dense regular connective tissue
heart muscle cells would tend to separate without ______
a) stoma b) flana c) myofilaments d) intercalated discs
d) intercalated discs
Most of the nervous tissue of the body is in the ...
a) nerves and muscles b) eyes, ears, nose, and tongue c) brain and spinal cord d) skin e) hands
c) brain and spinal cord
______ are proteins that connect adjacent cells at gap junction
a) attachons b) connexins c) tieons d) adhesions e) bindins
b) connexins
you would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining in the
a) secretory portions of the pancreas b) trachea c) surface of the skin d) urinary bladder e) stomach
b) trachea
transitional epithelium is found
a) lining of the stomach b) at the surface fo the skin c) lining the ducts that drain sweat glands d) lining the urinary bladder e) lining kidney tubules
d) lining urinary bladder
which of the following would be of most importance to goblet cells and other glandular epithelia
a) lysosomes b) multiple nuclei c) microvilli d) golgi apparatus
d) golgi apparatus
neural tissue
a) forms glands b) carries information from one part of the body to another c) fills space in the body d) stores energy e) can contract
b) carries information from one part of the body to another
cells engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
a) adipocytes b) melanocytes c) mast cells d) fibroblasts e) macrophages
e) macrophage
glands, such as the thyroid that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ______
a) sebaceous b) exocrine c) ceruminous d) endocrine
d) endocrine
epithelium is separated from underlying connective tissue by
a) keratin b) basement membrane c) a reticular lamina d) interfacial canals
b) basement membrane
the fiber type that gives connective tissue great tensile strength is ______
a) elastic b) reticular c) collagen d) muscle
c) collagen
the primary blast cell for bone is the ______
a) fibroblast b) chondroblast c) osteoblast d) hemocytoblast
c) osteoblast
connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of ______
a) cells and fibers b) ground substance and cells c) fibers and ground substance d) all organic compunds
c) fibers and ground substance
glands that secret their product by the bursting of the cells are ______ glands
a) endocrine b) merocrine c) sudoriferous d) apocrine e) holocrine
e) holocrine
a needle would pierce the epidermal layer of the forearm in which order
a) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basle b) basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum c) granulosum, basle, spinosum, corneum d) basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum e) corneum, granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, basale
a) corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
under what conditions would the skin produce sweat and experience cutaneous vasodilation
a) due to lack of oxygen b) upon exposure to UV radiation c) upon increase in body temperature d) upon decrease in body temperature
c) upon increase in body temperature
the layer of hard keratin that acts as the surface of the hair is termed the
a) cuticle b) medulla c) hair bulb d) shaft e) root
a) cuticle
which of the following is the inner part of a serous membrane that covers the lungs
a) parietal pleura b) lamina propia c) synovial membrane d) visceral pleura
d) visceral pleura
the reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that ______
a) it is located just below the epidermis and protects the dermis from shock b) the major part of its makeup is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber c) it has no delicate nerve endings and can therefore absorb shock d) the cells that make up the hypodermis secrete a protective mucus
b) the major part of its make up is adipose, which serves as an effective shock absorber
thick skin lacks
a) stratum lucidum b) hair follicles c) sweat glands d) stratum granulosum
b) hair follicles
which layer of tissue is damaged in a first-degree burn
a) epidermis b) hypodermis c) dermis d) both epidermis and dermis
a) epidermis
what type of cell migrates to the skin from the bone marrow and then migrates back to lymph nodes to alert the immune system of potential pathogen invasion
a) langerhans cells b) mast cells c) melanocytes d) keratinocytes e) fibroblast
a) Langerhans cells
the single most important risk for skin cancer is
a) use of farm chemicals b) race c) overexposure to UV radiation d) genetics
c) overexposure to UV radiation
glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ______ glands
a) merocrine sweat b) cercuminous c) aprocrine sweat d) mammary e) sebaceous
e) sebaceous
how do nutrients reach the epidermis of the skin
a) solute pumping transports nutrients into the epidermis b) blood vessels carry nutrients directly into the epidermis c) nutrients migrate in vesicles from hypodermis into the epidermis d) diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis
d) diffusion transports nutrients from blood vessels in the dermis into the epidermis
the nail body covers the:
a) nail bed b) cuticle c) lunula d) nail root
a) nail bed
despite the strength of the dermis, it is subject to tearing. How might a person know that the dermis has been previously stretched and/or torn
a) the skin will darken due to the increased melanin accumulation b) flexure lines appear where the skin has been stressed c) generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear d) tension, or cleavage, lines disappear
c) generally permanent stretch marks, or striae, appear
the type of burn that may require a skin graft
a) first-degree burn b) second-degree burn c) third-degree burn d) partial-thickness burn
c) third-degree burn
which of the following is NOT caused by an infectious agent
a) decubitus b) herpes sore c) warts d) impetigo
a) decubitus (bed sores)
during an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury
a) increase in WBC's b) swelling c) increase in blood flow d) cold, pale skin e) increase in histamine
d) cold, pale skin
why is vitamin D necessary
a) vitamin D protects the skin from UV radiation b) vitamin D critical for thermoregulation c) vitamin D protects the skin from pathogens d) vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intetsines
d) vitamins D is requires for calcium absorption from the small intestines
what tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis
a) loose connective tissue b) dense regular connective tissue c) dense irregular connective tissue d) hyaline cartilage
c) dense irregular connective tissue
what type of intercellular junction bands together adjacent cells, making the epidermis stronger
a) gap junction b) occluding junction c) desmosome d) tight junction
c) desmosome
what type of membrane lines cavities that open to the outside of the body
a) serous membrane b) cutaneous membrane c) mucous membrane d) synovial membrane
c) mucous membrane
the epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being, and functioning of the skin. Which fo the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?
a) stratum lucidum b) stratum basale c) stratum corneum d) stratum granulosum
b) stratum basale
what does cyanosis signify
a) a person has oxygen-starved skin b) a person has been exposed to cyanide c) a person has been kept out of the sun d) a person has been exposed to too much sun
a) a person has oxygen-starved skin
what structure stands hairs on end, causing piloerection
a) arrector pili muscle b) epithelial root sheath c) epidermal ridges d) dermal papillae
a) arrector pili muscle
the dermis is a strong, flexible, connective tissue layer. Which of the following cell types are likely to be found in the dermis?
a) fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells b) goblet cells, parietal cells, and chondrocytes c) monocytes, reticulocytes, and osteocytes d) osteoblast, osteoclast, and epithelial cells
a) fibroblast, macrophages, and mast cells
a blind person may use Braille to read their school assignments. What cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis helps to discriminate the textured dots?
a) merkel cell b) macrophage c) chondrocyte d) keratinocyte e) reticulocyte
a) merkel cell
______ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone
a) calcium phosphate b) calcium carbonate c) fluoride d) water e) collagen fibers
a) calcium phosphate
a small rough bump on one where a tendon attaches is called a
a) trabecula b) trochlea c) trochanter d) tuberosity e) tubercle
d) tuberosity
which dietary requirement for bone health can be made in response to skin exposure to UV light
a) vitamin C b) vitamin D c) calcium ions d) vitamin K
b) vitamin D
the central (Haversian) canal that runs through the core of each osteon contains
a) blood vessel and nerve fibers b) adipose tissue and nerve fiber c) cartilage and interstitial lamellae d) yellow marrow and spicules
a) blood vessel and nerve fibers
which of the following is an important factor which can result in osteoporosis in older women
a) estrogen deficiency due to menopause b) poor posture c) abnormal PTH receptors d) heritage such as African or Mediterranean
a) estrogen deficiency due to menopause
which of the following is a bone disorder characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposit and resorption
a) Paget's disease b) rickets c) osteoporosis d) osteomalacia
a) Paget's disease
an open or ______ fracture projects through the skin
a) greenstick b) depressed c) comminuted d) compound e) spiral
d) compound
primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the:
a) diaphysis b) epiphyses c) periosteum d) articular cartilage
a) diaphysis
the term diploë refers to the:
a) fact that most bones are formed of two layers of bone tissue b) two types of marrow found within most bones c) double-layered nature of the connective tissue covering the bone d) internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
d) internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is of greatest importance
a) calcitonin b) thyroid hormones c) growth hormones d) parathyroid hormone
c) growth hormone
yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ______
a) perforating fibers b) fat c) blood-forming cells d) elastic tissue
b) fat
Within the epiphyseal plate, which zone contains actively dividing cartilage cells in their lacunae
a) zone reserve cartilage b) zone of proliferation c) zone of hypertrophy d) zone of ossification
b) zone of proliferation
cranial bones develop ______
a) from cartilage models b) with synovial membranes c) within fibrous membranes d) from a tendon
c) within fibrous membranes
what do fibroblasts contribute to bone repair
a) fibroblast form new collagen fibers to bridge the gap between bone fragments b) fibroblasts form the hematoma that involves a mass of blood cells c) fibroblasts secret hyaline cartilage to form a soft callus d) fibroblasts direct the transition from primary bone to secondary bone
a) fibroblast form new collagen fibers to bridge the gap between bone fragments
fibrocartilage can be found in the
a) nose b) trachea c) pubic symphysis d) ear e) rib cage
c) pubic symphysis
why are collagen fibers a critical component of bone
a) collagen fibers help the bone resist compression b) collagen fibers act as "glue" to bind components together c) collagen fibers help bone resist twisting, pulling, or stretching forces d) collagen fibers help trap water in the ECM
c) collagen fibers help bone resist twisting, pulling, or stretching forces
blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as
a) osteoporosis b) ossification c) bone resorption d) hematopoiesis
d) hematopoiesis
a fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the ______
a) articular cartilage b) epiphysis c) diaphysis d) metaphysis
c) diaphysis
which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?
a) lamellae b) trabeculae c) canaliculi d) lacunae
b) trabeculae
which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage
a) chondroblast in the lacunae divide and secret matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within b) growth occurs in the lining of the bones c) fibroblasts give rise to chondrocytes that differentiate and form cartilage d) unspecialized cells from mesenchyme develop into chondrocytes, which divide and form cartilage
a) chondroblast in the lacunae divide and secret matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within
the periosteum is attached to the underlying bone by_______
a) perforating (sharpey's) fibers b) volkman's canals c) a bony matrix with hyaline cartilage d) the struts of bone known as spicules
a) perforating (sharpey's) fibers
which hormones increase osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream
a) estrogen b) thyroxine c) calcitonin d) parathyroid hormone
d) parathyroid hormone
what type of tissue is replaced in the embryo during endochondral ossification
a) elastic cartilage b) hyaline cartilage c) connective tissue membranes d) mesenchymal tissue e) fibrocartilage
b) hyaline cartilage
the carpal bones are examples of ______ bones
a) irregular b) semsamoid c) long d) short e) flat
b) sesamoid
a lack of exercise could
a) cause bones to lose their medullary cavity b) result in porous and weak bones c) cause bones to become longer d) cause bones to become thicker e) cause bones to store more calcium
b) result in porous and weak bones
the advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
a) produce more ATP with little oxygen b) store extra DNA for metabolism c) produce large amounts of muscle proteins d) produce nutrients for muscle contraction
c) produce large amount of muscle protein
the synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony socket is a
a) synotosis b) syndesmosis c) gomphosis d) synchondrosis e) suture
c) gomphosis
in ______ crystals of uric acid form within the synovial fluid in joints
a) rheumatoid arthritis b) rheumatism c) osteoporosis d) degenerative joint disease e) gouty arthritis
e) gouty arthritis
_______ is a type of angular movement that increases the angle between articulating bones
a) adduction b) rotation c) extension d) abduction e) flexion
c) extension
while eating, you move your forearm and hand from the plate of food toward your face. Classify the movement occurring at the elbow joint
a) extension b) abduction c) inversion d) flexion
d) flexion
in a resting muscle fiber, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
a) ATP molecule b) myosin molecules c) troponin molecule d) actin molecule e) calcium ions
c) troponin molecules
the region of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the
a) M line b) I band c) Z line d) H band e) A band
d) H band
in the knee joint, the medical meniscus is
a) fibrocartilage b) hyaline cartilage c) elastic cartilage d) dense regular collagenous CT
a) fibrocartilage
while warming up for gym class, Shelia performed a set of jumping jacks. This action involves:
a) abduction and adduction b) opposition and reposition c) flexion and extension d) protraction and retraction
a) abduction and adduction
to pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called
a) circumduction b) rotation c) retraction d) opposition e) eversion
d) opposition
the hip joint is a good example of a(n) ______ synovial joint
a) biaxial b) multiaxial c) nonaxial d) uniaxial
b) multiaxial
stem cells located between the endomysium and sarcolemma that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue are called
a) endocytes b) myocytes c) sarcocytes d) satellite cells e) fibrocytes
d) satellite cells
since articular cartilage is avascular, what provides oxygen and nutrients and removes metabolic wastes from the tissue
a) tendon sheath b) ligament c) bursae d) synovial fluid
d) synovial fluid
synchondroses unite bones with ______ while symphyses unite bones with ______
a) fibrocartilage; hyaline cartilage b) hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage c) elastic cartilage; fibrocartilage d) dense regular collagenous tissue; elastic cartilage
b) hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage
what structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage
a) sarcolemma b) sarcomere c) mitochondria d) sarcoplasmic reticulum
d) sarcoplasmic reticulum
small sacs of synovial fluid reduce friction and act as shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissue are called
a) fat pads b) lacunae c) bursae d) menisci e) fasciae
c) bursae
synarthrosis joins
a) have large join cavities b) characterize all cartilaginous joints c) are found only in adults d) are immovable joints
d) are immovable joints
which type of fibrous joint is found between bones of the cranium
a) sydesmosis b) synchondrosis c) suture d) synovial
c) suture
which protein does NOT belong in thin filament
a) actin b) troponin c) myosin d) tropomyosin
c) myosin
which join classification permits the greatest mobility
a) amphiarthrosis b) synarthrosis c) cartilaginous d) diarthrosis
d) diarthrosis
in rigor mortis
a) the myosin heads remain attached to actin b) calcium ions keep binding to troponin c) sustained contractions occur d) ATP depleted e) all of the answers are correct
e) all of the answers are correct
which type of join is found between the carpal bones
a) hinge b) pivot c) saddle d) gliding e) ball-and-socket
d) gliding
moving your head as if to say "no" is a joint movement known as
a) retraction b) opposition c) rotation d) circumduction
c) rotation
in the sarcomere which elastic protein attaches the thick filament to the Z line
a) titin b) myosin c) actin d) G actin e) nebulin
a) titin
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
a) tendon b) perimysium c) endomysium d) fasicle e) epimysium
e) epimysium
Note
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