science midyears (grade 10)

Newtons 1st law of motion

An object will remain in motion unless an external force is acted upon it

Newtons 2nd law of Motion

The relationship between Mass, Acceleration, and force. F= ma

Newtons 3rd law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Inertia (another name for Newtons 1st law of Motion)

Remains unchanged (stays the same)

Potential energy

Energy that is stored

Kinetic energy

Energy that is not stored

Atomic number

Number of protons

Atomic mass

Number of protons + neutrons

Electronic configuration

Number of electrons, and valence electrons

Valence electron

Number of electrons on the outer most shell

Ion

Is a charged atom

Anion

Negative ion

Cation

Positive ion

Groups

Describes the amount of valence electrons

Isotope

Same amount of protons but different amount if neutrons

Collision theory

For a reaction to occur the reacting particles have to collide with eachother

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribo nucliec acid

What are the four nitrogenous bases

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, Thymine

Which nitrogenous bases pair up

Cytosine-Guanine

Adenine-Thymine

What are the three nucleotides

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

What is transcription

Is copying the DNA onto the messenger RNA

What is translation?

Is converting DNA from the messenger RNA into proteins.

What is the process by which you use transcription and translation?

Gene expression

What is replication?

A DNA strand creates two new identical DNA strand. This is done with with the steps IET.

What are the steps in replication? (IET)

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Allele

An area that codes for a particular gene

Homozygous

Same alleles

Heterozygous

Different alleles

Autosomal

Describes the 22 nonsex chromosomes

What are the four spheres on earth?

Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, biosphere, atmosphere + cryosphere

Respiration

Organisms release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere

Decomposition

Dead organisms decompose and release carbon dioxide (CO2) back into the atmosphere

Carbon sink

Is a system where the ocean (for example) absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than it releases.

Greenhouse effect

A natural process where the earths atmosphere traps heat

Fossil fuels

Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases (mainly CO2) that contribute greatly to climate change

What is a synthesis reaction

A synthesis reaction is a chemical process where two or more simple substances combine to form a single, more complex product.

Surface albedo effect

The melting of the sea ice a example of a positive feedback also known as the surface albedo effect