Marine and desert bio unti 1 test
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35 Terms
what percentage of the Earth is covered in water?
71%
names of 5 oceans on earth?
Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Southern
what percentage of water on Earth is saltwater?
97%
what percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?
3%
what percent of freshwater is in liquid state?
1%
what is a molecule?
2 or more atoms that bond together
what brings two or more water molecules together?
hydrogen bonds
what controls the density of water MOLECULES?
hydrogen bonds lengthening and shortening
what happens to water molecules as they cool to 4º Celsius?
they are the most dense
what happens to water molecules as they cool past 4 degrees Celsius?
the hydrogen bonds begin to lengthen and water becomes less dense
what is the density of distilled water?
1 g/mL
what will happen to substances with a volume GREATER than 1 g/ml when placed in distilled water?
it will sink
what will happen to substances with a volume LESS than 1 g/ml when placed in distilled water?
it will float
what is temperature?
the average speed of molecules
how does the temperature increase?
the faster the molecules move, the higher the temperature.
what is evaporation?
if water molecules move fast enough, they break free from their bonds, escape from the liquid phase into the gas phase
what is latent heat?
heat absorbed during a phase change
what is heat capacity?
how much heat something can absorb before its temperature changes
melting point of ice
0ºC
vaporization point of water
100ºC
freezing point of water
0ºC
condensing point of gaseous water
100ºC
salts
substances made up of particles with opposite charges
ions
electrically charges particles with either positive or negative charges
dissociate
when ions are pulled apart
how do material other than water enter the ocean
weathering, volcanoes,
solutes
dissolved materials
salinity
total amount of salt dissolved in sea water
what percentage of solutes in the ocean are sodium and chloride?
85%
what are the three most important dissolved gasses in seawater?
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen
what happens to gas filled structures in organisms as they travel deeper in the ocean?
pressure increases, compressing gases and shrinking/collapsing gas filled structures
what is the coriolis effect?
the tendency of anything moving over the Earth's surface to turn a little rather than moving in a straight line
solvent
dissolves other substances
what controls the density of WATER?
temperature and salinity
what happens to the temperature of a substance as it is going through a phase change?
temperature stays constant for a bit