bio 163 lab test 1

mini quizzes 1-6 combined

Clavicle

Key Features: Sternal end is round, Acromial end is flat like a spatula

Memory Trick: Rounded meets flat spatula at shoulder

Scapula

Key Features: Spine, Acromion (AC joint), Coracoid, Glenoid cavity

Memory Trick: Glenoid = socket, Acromion = AC joint

Humerus

Key Features: Head (ball), Capitulum (round), Trochlea (hinge), Olecranon fossa (dip)

Memory Trick: Ball, dome, hinge, dip

Radius

Key Features: Head (round), Tuberosity, Styloid process (wrist bump)

Memory Trick: Round wrist bump

Ulna

Key Features: Olecranon (elbow), Trochlear notch, Styloid process

Memory Trick: U-shaped notch at elbow

Carpals

Key Features: Small wrist bones

Memory Trick: wrist car parts

Metacarpals

Key Features: Bones of the palm

Memory Trick: middle of the hand

Phalanges (hand)

Key Features: Fingers: Proximal, middle, distal

Memory Trick: finger parts

Ilium

Key Features: Top portion with iliac crest

Memory Trick: upper wing

Ischium

Key Features: Sitting bone

Memory Trick: I sit

Pubis

Key Features: Front portion of the hip

Memory Trick: pubic front

Acetabulum

Key Features: Cup socket for femur

Memory Trick: Cup of hip

Obturator foramen

Key Features: Big hole for nerves/blood

Memory Trick: O = hole

Ischial tuberosity

Key Features: Bone you sit on

Memory Trick: Tushy

Pelvic brim

Key Features: Edge of pelvic inlet

Memory Trick: pelvic border

Pubic symphysis

Key Features: Joint at pubic bone front

Memory Trick: symphony of 2 bones

Female pelvis

Key Features: Wide, angle > 90°

Memory Trick: F = Flared

Male pelvis

Key Features: Narrow, angle < 90°

Memory Trick: M = More narrow

Femur

Key Features: Head, neck, trochanter, condyles

Memory Trick: Football shaped head

Tibia

Key Features: Tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus

Memory Trick: Tough leg bone with bump

Fibula

Key Features: Head, lateral malleolus

Memory Trick: Fine little leg bone

Tarsals

Key Features: Ankle bones

Memory Trick: Tippy toes

Talus

Key Features: Top of foot, ankle joint

Memory Trick: Tiptoe tilt

Calcaneus

Key Features: Heel bone

Memory Trick: Calc-heel

Metatarsals

Key Features: Instep bones

Memory Trick: Middle foot

Phalanges (foot)

Key Features: Toes: Proximal, middle, distal

Memory Trick: Toe parts

Occipitalis

Back of head;

thin muscle on occipital bone

“back of skull”

Temporalis

Side of head above ears;

fan-shaped

“temple”

Frontalis

Forehead muscle;

raises eyebrows

“forehead”

Orbicularis oris

Around mouth;

circular muscle

“oral = lips”

Orbicularis oculi

Around eyes;

circular muscle

“eye”

Masseter

Side of jaw;

thick rectangle muscle

“munch”

Zygomaticus

From cheekbone to mouth;

thin strip

“smile”

Sternocleidomastoid

Side of neck;

long muscle

“SCM” = sternum, clavicle, mastoid'

Buccinator

Inner cheek;

horizontal muscle

“Bucc = blow a trumpet”

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped under ribs

“Balloon = breathing”

Transversus abdominis

Deepest abs;

horizontal fibers

“Transverse = across”

Pectoralis major

Chest;

large fan muscle

“Push-ups = pecs”

Rectus abdominis

Front abs;

six-pack

“Rectus = straight”

Intercostals

Between ribs

“Costal = ribs”

Trapezius

Upper back;

kite-shaped

“Trapeze = upper back”

External obliques

Side of abs;

diagonal fibers

“Oblique = slanted”

Latissimus dorsi

Back;

large wing shape

'Lats = wings'

Hamstrings

Back of thigh;

3 muscles

'Ham = back of leg'

Biceps femoris

Lateral hamstring;

2 heads

'Bi = two heads'

Gluteus maximus

Butt;

largest glute

'Maximus = massive'

Gluteus medius

Lateral hip;

medium glute

'Medius = middle'

Rectus femoris

Middle quad;

straight muscle

'Rectus = straight'

Vastus medialis

Inner thigh;

teardrop shape

'Medial = inside'

Vastus lateralis

Outer thigh;

large

'Lateral = outside'

Gastrocnemius

Calf muscle;

2 heads

'Gas pedal = calf'

Tibialis anterior

Front shin;

beside tibia

'Tibia + anterior'

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Back of ankle;

thick cord

'Achilles heel'

Triceps brachii

Back of arm;

3 heads

“Tri = three heads”

Biceps brachii

Front of arm;

2 heads

“Bi = two heads”

Brachialis

Under biceps;

flat

“Under brachii”

Deltoid

Shoulder
Rounded cap-like muscle

“Delta = triangle = shoulder cap”

compact bone

Think of it as a brick wall – super dense and strong on the outside of the bone, made of tiny repeating bricks (osteons).

Cervical Vertebrae

Think "Collar" – These are the vertebrae that support your collar.

Atlas Vertebrae

a ring with no body (no chunky part in the middle), and it's the very top one that directly supports your head, letting you nod "yes." (C1)

Axis Vertebrae

"axis of rotation." This vertebra has a prominent "tooth" or "peg" sticking up (the odontoid process or dens) that the Atlas (C1) rotates around, allowing you to shake your head "no." Look for the "tooth" on the top!

Thoracic Vertebrae

They have a heart-shaped body and attach to ribs

Lumbar Vertebrae

L for Large and Load-bearing. They look like a kidney bean and are super strong.

Sacrum

a "Sacred Triangle" or a "wedge-shaped shield" at the base of your spine

Coccyx (Tailbone)

Think of it as a tiny, upside-down "ice cream cone" made of fused segments

Intervertebral Discs

The "cushions" between bones

Intervertebral Foramen

"FOR A MEN" (nerves). These are the holes or openings between vertebrae where spinal nerves "exit" or pass through. Look for distinct gaps or openings between the bones.

True Ribs

Think "To the Sternum." These ribs have a direct connection to the Sternum (breastbone) via their own cartilage.

False Ribs

don't have their own direct line to the sternum. Instead, they share a piece of cartilage to reach it, making their connection look indirect. You'll see a bundle of cartilage joining before hitting the sternum.

Floating Ribs

Look for the "shorties with no ties!" They're the last two pairs at the very bottom that don't connect to anything at the front of the chest.

Sternum

a "necktie" or a "dagger" right in the middle of your chest. It's the bone that your ribs attach to at the front

Hyoid Bone

Think of it as a "U-shaped necklace" floating high up in your throat, not touching any other bone. It's truly independent like a "floating island."

Which bone forms the front of the skull and your forehead? (Hint: It's in FRONT of your thoughts!)

Frontal Bone

Which bones form the sides and roof of your skull? (Tip: 'Parietal' sounds like 'Parade' hat top!)

Parietal Bones

Which bone is at the base of the skull and has a hole for the spinal cord? (Think: 'Occipital = Opposite of Face')

Occipital Bone

Which bone surrounds the ear area and includes the mastoid and styloid processes? (Memory: 'Temporal' = 'Time' and you hear a ticking clock)

Temporal Bone

What’s the big hole at the base of the skull where the spinal cord passes through? (Think: 'Magnum' = 'Massive')

Foramen Magnum

Which bony bumps sit beside the foramen magnum and articulate with the spine? (Clue: 'Condyles = Connection points')

Occipital Condyles

Which ridge on the ethmoid bone sticks up into the cranial cavity? (Memory tip: 'Crista Galli = Rooster’s Comb')

Crista Galli

Which part of the ethmoid bone has tiny holes for smell nerves? (Trick: 'Cribriform = Crib full of holes')

Cribriform Plate

Which vertebra supports the skull and is called C1? (Memory: It 'ATLAS' holds up the world—your head!)

Atlas

Which vertebra has the dens and is called C2? (Tip: It 'AXIS' spins the head)

Axis

What is the name of the small, tail-like end of the spine? (Hint: Think 'Cuckoo' bird’s tail)

Coccyx

Which ribs are directly attached to the sternum? (Clue: These are the 'true' VIPs)

True Ribs (1–7)

Which ribs are not directly attached to the sternum? (Hint: These take a detour—'false' route)

False Ribs (8–12)

Which ribs don’t attach to anything in the front? (Memory: They’re 'floating' like free agents)

Floating Ribs (11–12)

Which part of the sternum is the small pointed tip at the bottom? (Hint: Sounds like a sword—'Xiphoid')

Xiphoid Process

What is the collarbone called? (Hint: It’s 'clear'ly your CLAVICLE)

Clavicle

Which flat bone forms the shoulder blade? (Trick: Like a SCALPEL, it's sharp and flat)

Scapula

Which part of the scapula forms the shoulder socket? (Memory: 'Glenoid' = 'Glove' for humerus head)

Glenoid Cavity

Which long bone runs from shoulder to elbow? (Hint: Use your 'humor' to lift it)

Humerus

Which forearm bone is on the thumb side? (Clue: You take a 'RADIAL' pulse at your wrist)

Radius

Which forearm bone is on the pinky side? (Memory: 'Ulna' = Under when palms face up)

Ulna

Which suture runs side to side across the top of the skull, connecting frontal and parietal bones? (Hint: Like a crown)

Coronal Suture

Which suture runs along the midline of the skull between parietal bones? (Tip: Like a dividing 'sagittarius' arrow)

Sagittal Suture

Which suture is located on the sides of the skull, between parietal and temporal bones? (Memory: Squash your ear—Squamous)

Squamous Suture

Which suture connects parietal bones to the occipital bone at the back of the skull? (Think: 'Lamb-doid' lies in the back field)

Lambdoid Suture

Which bones form the upper jaw? (Clue: You need these to 'max out' your smile)

Maxillae

Which bones form the cheekbones? (Tip: Say 'Zy-go-matic!' with a smile)

Zygomatic Bones

Which bones form the bridge of the nose? (Think: Where glasses rest)

Nasal Bones