Med Term Chap 5 (terms to know)

ingestion

the intake of food

digestion

physical and chemical breakdown of food into usable nutrients

What does each breakdown into?

• Proteins

• Sugars

• Fats

Amino acids, glucose, fatty acids or triglycerides

Absorption

movement of nutrients into the blood

Elimination/excretion

The body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into the bloodstream. The large intestine concentrates feces. The wastes pass out of the body through the anus.

Deglutition

Swallowing

Functions of the liver

Produces bile, helps maintain normal blood glucose levels, manufactures blood proteins necessary for clotting, releases bilirubin, a pigment in bile, removes toxin and poisons from the blood

ano/o

anus

append/o, appendic/o

appendix

bucc/o

cheek

cec/o

cecum

celi/o

belly, abdomen

cheil/o

lip

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

choledoch/o

common bile duct

col/o

colon

colon/o

colon

dent/i

tooth

duoden/o

duodenum

enter/o

intestines, usually small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

faci/o

face

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

labi/o

lip

lapar/o

abdomen

lingu/o

tongue

mandibul/o

lower jaw, mandible

odont/o

tooth

or/o

mouth

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

peritone/o

peritoneum

pharyng/o

throat

proct/o

anus and rectum

pylor/o

pyloric sphincter

rect/o

rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

stomat/o

mouth

uvul/o

uvula

Pancreas function

Exocrine: produces enzymes to digest starch, fat and proteins. Endocrine: secretes insulin.

Mastication

Chewing

Chyme

A pasty substance formed in the stomach

Bolus

Ball of food formed in the mouth

peristalsis

Smooth muscle contractions to move food through alimentary canal

maceration

the smooth muscle contractions of the stomach that form chyme