Quizbowl Philosophers and Isms

Teaches a slave to double the area of a square

Socrates

Accused of corrupting youth, forced to drink hemlock

Socrates

Compares himself to a midwife who helps others generate ideas

Socrates

His paradox states nobody does wrong willingly

Socrates

The Republic (work)

Plato

Describes ideal ruler called "philosopher king"

Plato

Provided four arguments for immortality of the soul (2 horses)

Plato

Invented Third Man Argument

Plato

Metaphysics (work)

Aristotle

Nicomachean Ethics (work)

Aristotle

Friendships based on utility or pleasure will dissolve

Aristotle

Book of Documents (work)

Confucius

People need to be led by a virtuous leader simliar to North Star

Confucius

Asked whether his slaves were hurt after horse stables burning down

Confucius

Described 5 kinds of relationships, subject to filial piety

Confucius

Tao Te Ching (work)

Lao Tzu

Ordered to write 5000 characters after being stopped at a pass

Lao Tzu

Summa Theologica (work)

Aquinas

Erroneous conscience is excused by ignorance or circumstance

Aquinas

Established three conditions for a just war

Aquinas

Double Effect, good outweighs bad

Aquinas

Novum Organum (work)

Bacon

Proposed 4 deep-rooted fallacies in human understanding

Bacon

Invented Scientific Method and Induction

Bacon

Heat is motion and nothing else

Bacon

Leviathan (work)

Hobbes

Accused of atheism after saying ignorance was caused by misinterpreting the scripture

Hobbes

Equality in mankind is our equal ability to kill each other

Hobbes

Names are marks to bring to mind memory of concepts

Hobbes

Discusses 3 types of commonwealth, monarch, democracy, and aristocracy

Hobbes

Meditations on First Philosophy (work)

Descartes

Critiqued by Elizabeth of Bohemia's "interaction problem"

Descartes

Melting wax to showcase human intellect

Descartes

His circle states that God exists because of he believes in God

Descartes

Two Treatises of Government (work)

Locke

Slavery is only allowed if the slaves broke the natural law

Locke

Argued against innate ideas, mind at birth is "Tabula Rasa"

Locke

Color and texture are secondary properties

Locke

Invented Calculus independently of Newton, dx notation

Leibniz

Discourse on Metaphysics (work)

Leibniz

Compares thinking machine to inside of a mill

Leibniz

We live in the best of all possible worlds

Leibniz

His law states that different objects cannot have all identical properties

Leibniz

The Social Contract and Discourse on Inequality (works)

Rousseau

Man is born free, and everyone he is in chains

Rousseau

Civil societies began when man fenced in a piece of land and said "this is mine"

Rousseau

Two forms of self love, amour de soi and amour popre

Rousseau

Critique of Pure Reason (work)

Kant

7+5=12, priori truth

Kant

Categorial imperative, laws that must be follow unconditionally

Kant

Kingdoms of Ends, society where everyone is valued for their worth

Kant

Perfect and imperfect duties, 4 square grid

Kant

murderer on the front door, unethical to lie

Kant

The Phenomology of Spirit (work)

Hegel

Developed synthesis, thesis, and antithesis leading to master-slave relationship

Hegel

Aufhebung, negating while preserving

Hegel

Ethical life: freedom through civil society, family, and state

Hegel

Three spheres of right: right, morality, and ethical life

Hegel

Either/Or (work)

Kierkegaard

Leap of Faith, Abraham sacrifice of Isaac

Kierkegaard

Subjectivity is Truth

Kierkegaard

Penname Victor Eremita, Fear and Trembling

Kierkegaard

Upbuilding discourses

Kierkegaard

Democracy and Education (work)

Dewey

Coins concept of Reflex Arc

Dewey

Did not like Lippman at all, rebutted him A LOT

Dewey

His commission cleared Trotsky of wrongdoing

Dewey

How to Make our Ideas Clear (work)

Peirce

Divides sign into Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness

Peirce

Rejects "Method of Tenacity": authority

Peirce

The Law of Mind, human tendency to view universe as continuous

Peirce

Tychism, belief in indeterminate cause

Peirce

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (work)

Wittgenstein

Namesake rule following paradox

Wittgenstein

Quus Function, returns 5 if above 57

Wittgenstein

Beetle in a Box Experiment, private languages impossible

Wittgenstein

Saul Kripke interprets this thinker's works

Wittgenstein

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (work)

Hume

Demea, Philo, and Cleanthes debate in this thinker's work

Hume

Relations of ideas and matters of fact, divided by a namesake fork

Hume

Copy Principle, contradicting by "missing shade of blue"

Hume

Namesake guillotine/is-ought problem

Hume

Namesake teapot, shifts burden of proof to theists

Russell

Principa Matematica (work)

Russell

Present King of France is bald (non-existent)

Russell

barber shaving and not shaving himself

Russell

Namesake paradox, does the set of all sets contain itself

Russell

Being and Time (work)

Heidegger

present-at-hand and ready-at-hand

Heidegger

Dasein, every human has being in the world

Heidegger

Gestell

Heidegger

Care, describes orientation towards death

Heidegger

class struggle

Marx

Tractacus Theologico-Politicus

Ethics (works)

Spinoza

Conatus, things continue to exist

Spinoza

In geometrical order, which was the order of his work

Spinoza

excommunicate from Jewish community

Spinoza

On Liberty and Utilitarianism (work)

Stuart Mill

Five methods of induction

Stuart Mill

Higher and lower pleasures

Stuart Mill