Correction Pillar Examination

It is the branch of the Criminal Justice System or the 4th Pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System.

The study of criminal behavior and legal penalties.

Derived from the Latin word "poena," meaning pain or suffering.

The sociologist who coined the term penology.

Refers to the penalty imposed for transgressions of law and any suffering consequent to wrongdoing.

Defined as the suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for law transgressions, a judicial punishment for crimes or violations of law.

DIFFERENT ERA’S OF PENOLOGY

1. AGE OF REFORMATION
2. AGE OF REHABILITATION
3. AGE OF REINTEGRATION

Replaced corporal punishment, exile, and punishment with penitentiaries.

Introduced individual therapy aimed at addressing personal maladjustments.

Emphasizes the pressure exerted on the offender by social groups regulating opportunities to achieve goals.

FORM OF PUNISHMENT

1. CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
2. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT (PHYSICAL PUNISHMENT)
3. PUBLIC HUMILIATION (SOCIAL DEGRADATION)
4. IMPRISONMENT

Also called the death penalty; execution of an offender sentenced to death after conviction by a court of law for a criminal offense.

A punishment intended to cause physical pain to a person.

A form of punishment featuring dishonor or disgrace typically in a public setting.

Refers to the state of being confined, restrained, or incarcerated in a jail or prison setting.

The practice of managing or controlling places of confinement such as jails or prisons.

The study and practice of managing correctional facilities, including jails and prisons.

To ensure the accused's presence during trial, administer punishment through confinement, or protect society from undesirable individuals.

TWO APPROACHES OF CORRECTION IN THE PHILIPPINES

INSTITUTIONAL and NON-INSTITUTIONAL.

Refers to correcting an individual by placing them in prison/jail for treatment.

Defined as a place of confinement for inmates under investigation, undergoing trial, or serving short-term sentences.

Refers to national prisons or penitentiaries managed and supervised by the Bureau of Corrections.

7 CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES UNDER BuCor

1. New Bilibid Prison (NBP), Muntinlupa City
2. Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm, Barangay Iwahig, Palawan
3. Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Occidental Mindoro
4. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm, Zamboanga City
5. Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte
6. Correctional Institution for Women, Mandaluyong City
7. Leyte Regional Prison, Abuyod, Leyte

Institutional Corrections

Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)

• PNP, BJMP, BFP
• Jails: Provincial, District, City, and Municipal

Department of Justice (DOJ)

• BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
• PRISONS: NBP, Iwahig Prison, Sablayan Prison, CIW, Davao Prison, San Ramon Prison, Leyte Regional Prison.

Also known as community-based corrections; utilizes various programs to allow offenders to serve their sentences in the community.

Non-institutional Correction Programs

1. Diversion
2. Intervention
3. Restitution
4. Probation
5. Parole
6. Pardon

Required to undergo once the individual is found responsible for an offense without resorting to formal court proceedings.

A series of activities designed to address the issues leading to the child's offense.

The act of returning something lost or stolen.

Privilege granted by the court allowing a convicted individual to remain in the community instead of serving a prison sentence.

The conditional release of a prisoner from correctional institutions after serving the minimum period of their sentence.

An act of grace granting release from guilt or remission of punishment.

Major Government Agencies

1. DOJ
2. DILG
3. DSWD

Government Agencies

1. Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
2. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
3. Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare

Supervises national penitentiaries through the Bureau of Corrections.

Supervises provincial, district, city, and municipal jails.

Supervises regional rehabilitation centers for youth offenders through the Bureau of Child and Youth Welfare.

4 CLASSES OF PRISONERS

1. Insular or National Prisoners
2. Provincial Prisoners
3. City Prisoners
4. Municipal Prisoners

Three years and one day to death.

Six months and one day to three years.

One day to three years.

One day to six months.

3 TYPES OF DETAINEES

1. Those undergoing investigation
2. Those awaiting or undergoing trial
3. Those awaiting final judgment