Studied by 13 people
Demographics
the statistical study of population
what do demographics tell us
they are used for public policy and marketing purposes, tell us about ethnicity, age and gender
census
official count of a population and an important tool for examining demographic information such as age, sex, education
how often are censuses done
conducted every five years
millennials
people born between the early 1980s and 2000s
characteristics of millennials
optimistic, moral, confident, culturally aware and diverse, skilled networkers, aware of their civic duty, receptive to change
boomerange generation
group of young adults between 20-29 who for various social, economic and/or emotional reasons, do not leave home
nuclear family
spouses and their dependant children
extended family
several generations in a single household
lone parent family
one parent with one or more dependant children
blended family
divorced partners, married or not, with or without children from a previous union/marriage
same sex family
two individuals of the same sex, married or not, with or without children
married/cohabiting family
spouses/partners without dependant children
tween
young boys/girls between the ages of 8-13
tween characteristics
they have begun to develop adolescent behaviours and values, very easy to market, most brand-oriented, consumer-involved and materialist generation in history, buying power is $260 million
generation z
people born between mid to late 1990s and 2010s
generation z characteristics
selfie generation, frugal, conservative and wanting to change for the better, digitally connected, driven and entrepreneurial, can communicate with speed, seek quality
7 distinguishing traits on gen z
special, protected, optimistic, social advocates, inclusive, accomplished and pressured
festingers social comparison theory
individuals compare themselves with others when they are unable to judge their status and abilities on their own, upwards and downwards comparison
maslows hierarchy of needs
motivation toward self improvement drives an individual’s needs to belong
5 levels of needs
psychological needs - hunger/thirst
safety needs - job security/healthcare
belonging needs - love
esteem needs - respect and recognition of others
self actualization - fullest potential
sherifs theory of in groups and out groups
intergroup hostility can and often does arise when there exists conflicting goals and competition over a scarce quantity of resources
in groups
can be established easily, if brought together for a mutual goal, they produce a group structure with social hierarchy and roles
out groups
brought together in competition, hostile attitudes and actions occur
robbers cave experiment
showed how the in-group and out-group would openly attack each other, shows that hostility and violence are very common when groups are in conflict
the teenage brain and social media in 2016 ucla study
more brain activity when viewing photos with a large number of likes
the brain region that was most active was the nucleus accumbent
when teens see a photo with more likes, they are more likely to like it
teens self-identity is influenced by the opinions of others
less brain activation when looking at risky photos
charles cooleys looking glass theory
a person's self image is formed by imagining what others think of his or her behaviour or appearance
three components of the looking glass theory
1: envision how we appear to others
2: envision the judgement of that appearance
3: sense of self develops through that interaction
upwards and downwards comparison on how classmates may influence grades
upwards: when someone has a better grade than you and you compare yourself to them, you would say that you will never be that good
downwards: when someone has a worse grade than you, you would show how much better of a student you are than them
repression
reverting back to an earlier life stage and showing childlike behaviours
displacement
redirecting emotions to a substitute target (taking anger out on someone)
sublimation
redirecting “incorrect” urges into socially acceptable actions (going to the gym)
denial
claiming and/or believing what is true to be false
projection
attributing uncomfortable feelings to others
rationalization
creating false but credible justifications for particular behaviours
reaction formation
converting anxious thoughts into their opposites
suppression
pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the unconscious mind
marx theory on money and power
conflict occurs due to differences of opinion or because of social inequalities
marx on the bourgeoisie and proletariat
bourgeoisie exploited the working class and oppressed them through capitalism, control the proletariat by alienating them from their work, causing them to take less pride in their work
antonio gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony
society is dominated by one ruling class and the ruling classes ideas and beliefs and considered the cultural norm
albert banduras study on learning through observation
believed that people learn through observing other people's behavior and then modelling it
observed that children exposed to aggression were more likely to model that behaviour
researchers concern on desensitization to violence
people are becoming are increasing desensitized to graphic images of sex and violence presented by popular media, what people watch has an impact on their personality and sense of self
the kardashian effect
the rich upscale lifestyle, attention seeking, people lose their values, creates comparisons. People wanting more and more
Note 
Flashcard (29)