unti 1 - 🧪THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

Organic Macromolecule CARBOHYDRATES

elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

MONOMER - single sugar (monosaccharide)

THE FOUR CATEGORIES OF ORGANIC MOLECULES:

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic acids

ALL of the organic molecules are based on which element

CARBON

organic macromolecule LIPIDS

monomers - glycerol & fatty acids

ex. saturated fats, unsaturated fats

organic macromolecules PROTEINS

monomer - amino acids ex

ex. keratin(hair,nails) muscles, silk, nuts, etc.

organic macromolecules NUCLEIC ACIDS

monomer - nucleotides

function - carries genetic information to make proteins

ex. DNA & RNA

how many different amino acids are there? (building block of protein is amino acids)

20

LIPIDS - TRIGLYCERIDES (type of lipid)

has 3 fatty acids , 1 molecule of glycerol (alcohol)

ONE type of triglyceride

saturated - solid at room temperature (red meat, etc)

SECOND type of triglyceride

unsaturated - liquid at room temperature (plant seeds, etc.)

LIPIDS - PHOSPHOLIPIDS (type of lipid)

TWO fatty acid molecules attached to glycerol molecule

LIPIDS - Phospholipids (type of lipid) are

found in the CELL MEMBRANE

SATURATED FATS HAVE…

ALL single bonds

UNSATURATED FATS HAVE

AT LEAST ONE double or triple bond

organic macromolecules LIPIDS STRUCTURE

chains of carbon atoms with hydrogen atoms attached to each side

organic macromolecules PROTEINS functions

form muscles , transport oxygen, determines how our bodies look & function

Carbohydrate RATIO

1:2:1

most carbs end in…

“-ose”

most proteins end in…

“-in”

‘ase’

LACTASE - LACTOSE

MALTASE - MALTOSE

in carbohydrates, a monosaccharide + a monosaccharide =

disaccharide

enzyme diagram - the TOP LEFT is called…

Substrate

enzyme diagram - BOTTOM LEFT is…

enzyme

enzyme diagram - BELOW the TOP LEFT is…

active sight

enzyme diagram - TOP RIGHT is…

products

enzyme diagram - the MIDDLE is…

enzyme substrate complex

NUCLEIC ACIDS function ____ and _____ important information in the cell

store, transfer

Nucleic acids are…

VERY LARGE AND COMPLEX MOLECULES

Nucleic acids have two different types and the are…

DNA. RNA.

DNA is….

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA can…

contain info that determines characteristics of an organism … DIRECTS CELL ACTIVITIES

RNA is….

RiboNucleic Acid

RNA can…

store and transfer info from DNA, ESSENTIAL IN THE MAKING OF PROTEINS

RNA can also…

act as an enzyme

Both DNA and RNA are…

POLYMERS

Nucleotides are the ____ that make up ____and ____

monomers . DNA. RNA.

what are Nucleotides made up of?

PHOSPHATE GROUP , FIVE CARBON SUGAR , NITROGENOUS BASE.

a nucleotide is one part of the ladder u see

hydrogen bond -

a weak attraction between one HYDROGEN ATOM in one molecule and a HIGHLY electronegative atom (oxygen) in another molecule

mixture -

physical combination of two or more substances where each substance have it’s own properties and is not chemically bonded to others

solution -

a homogeneous mixture of one/more solutes dissolved in a solvent

solute-

the substance that gets dissolved in a solvent to form a solution

solvent -

a substance that can dissolve another substance, called a solute, to form a solution

suspension -

a heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid OR gas, but they are large enough to eventually settle over time when the mixture is undisturbed