The REVOLUTIONS of 1848, Explained [AP Euro—Unit 6 Topic 6]

What was the Concert of Europe and who engineered it?

The Concert of Europe was an agreement made in 1815 that led to a surge of conservative governments across Europe, engineered by Clemens von Metternich.

What event foreshadowed the revolutions of 1848?

The Greek War of Independence, which began in 1821 and culminated in Greece winning independence in 1832.

What were the Decembrists in Russia?

The Decembrists were a group of Russian officers who attempted a coup in December 1825 against Tsar Nicholas I, influenced by liberal ideals.

What caused the July Revolution in France in 1830?

The July Revolution was sparked by Charles X's decision to strip many middle-class citizens of voting rights and censor the press.

What was the outcome of the revolutions of 1848 in France?

The revolutions led to the abdication of Louis Philippe and the establishment of a provisional government that eventually failed due to class divisions.

What key demand arose during the revolutions in the German states in 1848?

Revolutionaries called for constitutional reforms, voting rights, and the unification of the German state.

What was the Frankfurt Assembly?

The Frankfurt Assembly was a gathering of delegates from German states that attempted to draft a new constitution for the unification of Germany.

How did Austria respond to the various ethnic revolts during the 1848 revolutions?

Austria, with Russian support, defeated the majority of ethnic revolts against its conservative rule.

What significant reforms did Tsar Alexander II implement after the Crimean War?

Alexander II emancipated the serfs, created an independent court system, and modernized the military.

What did the October Manifesto establish in Russia?

The October Manifesto included universal suffrage for men, freedom of speech, and the establishment of a representative body called the Duma.