Chapter 9-Sound

Sound Crew

The group that generates and controls a movie's sound physically, manipulating its properties to produce the effects that the director desires.

Sound design

the art of creating the sound for a film

boom

A pole-like mechanical device used to position the microphone outside the camera frame but as close as possible to speaking actors

double-system recording

the standard technique of recording film sound on a medium separate from the picture.

Foley Artist

person responsible for creating sound effects

dailies

synchronized picture/sound work prints of a day's shooting

outtakes

any footage that will not be used

Automatic Dialogue Replacement (ADR)

A sophisticated computer process for synching dialogue rerecorded in postproduction to the moving lips of actors on screen (looping)

Mixing

the process of adjusting relative volume of multiple sound tracks , and then combining those tracks onto one composite sound track that is synchronous with the picture.

pitch

a tone's experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency

Frequency

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time

Loudness

a sound's intensity

Amplitude

the degree of motion of air (or other medium) within a sound wave

quality

the complexity of a sound, which is defined by its harmonic content

harmonic content

the wavelengths that make up a sound

fidelity

a sound's faithfulness (or unfaithfulness) to its source

digetic sound

sound that originates from a source within the film's world-it's heard by the movie's audience and the characters

non-digetic sound

sound that comes from a source outside of the film's world- it can only be heard by the audience

on-screen sound

emanates from a source that we can see

off-screen sound

sound that originates from a source that we cannot see but assume nonetheless to be part of the story world

simultaneous sound

diegetic sound that is represented as occurring at the same time in the story as the image it accompanies

nonsimultaneous sound

Diegetic sound that comes from a source in time either earlier or later than the images it accompanies.

asynchronous sound

Sound that intentionally exploits a discrepancy between a presented sound and the images and actions on screen

internal sound

occurs whenever we hear what we assume are the thoughts of a character within a scene

interior monologue

A variation on the mental, subjective point of view of an individual character that allows us to see the character and hear his or her thoughts in their own voice, even though the character's lips don't move.

external sound

comes from a place within the world of the story, and we assume that it is heard by the characters in that world

Dialogue

speech of characters who are either visible on screen or speaking off screen

Narration

the act of telling the story of the film

ambient sound

sound that seems to the viewer to emanate from the ambience (background) of the setting or environment being filmed, either recorded during production or added during postproduction

sound effects

all sounds artificially created for the sound track that have a definite function in telling the story

Foley sounds

sounds that use a variety of props and other equipment to simulate sounds such as footsteps in the mud, jingling car keys, or cutlery hitting a plate.

montage

an edited assembly of images or sounds

overlapping sound

Sound that carries over from one shot to the next before the sound of the second shot begins (also known as sound bridge)