CHAP 3 MYERS

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Consciousness

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Description and Tags

Midterm

39 Terms

1

Consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2

Selective Attention

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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3

Cocktail Party Effect

the ability to attend to only one voice among many

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4

Perceptual Adaptation

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

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5

Inattentional Blindness

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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6

Retinal Disparity

a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes, the brain computes distance - the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

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7

Circadian Rhythm

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle

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8

Behavior Genetics

the study of the relative power and the limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

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9

Gender Roles

the behaviors a culture expects from its men and women

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10

Gender Typing

the acquisition of a traditionally masculine or feminine role

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11

Natural Selection

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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12

Schemas

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

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13

Genome

the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all of the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

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14

Norms

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior, and prescribe “proper” behavior

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15

Stages of Sleep

NREM1, NREM2, NREM3, REM

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16

NREM1

experience hallucinations and hypnagogic sensations

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17

NREM2

periodic sleep spindles: bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave acitivity

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18

NREM3

the brain emits large, slow delta waves; in deep sleep

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19

REM Sleep

heart rate rises, breathing becomes rapid and irregular, eyes dart around behind closed lids, where dreams occur

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20

Sleeping Disorders

problems involving the quality, timing, and amount of sleep

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21

Freud’s Dream Theory

dreams have a manifest content, the apparent and remembered story line, that censors the latent content, a symbolic, underlying meaning of a dream that represents the unconscious drives and wishes of the dreamer

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22

Tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

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23

Withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

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24

Opiates

opium and its derivatives that depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety, such as morphine and heroin

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25

Stimulants

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions, such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy, and meth

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26

Depressants

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates

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27

Hallucinogens

psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input, such as LSD

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28

Meth

stims CNS, sped up body funcs (associated energy and mood changes), deduces baseline dopamine lvls

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29

Ecstasy

synthetic stim/mild hallucinogen; produces euphoria and social intmacy; long term harm to serotonin producing neurons

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30

barbiturates

drugs that press nervous system activity reducing anxiety but impairing memory/judgement

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31

Overall effects

depends on the bio and psychological aspects; depends on what the user expects from the drug/social contexts/culture

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32

manifest content

remembered storyline

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33

latent content

underlying meaning of a dream

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34

change blindness

failure to see change in an environment

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35

blindsight

a condition where a patient can respond to a visual stim w/o actually experiencing it

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