Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology - Skin and Body Membranes

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Flashcards covering the structure, function, and components of the skin and body membranes.

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27 Terms

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Body Membranes

Cover body surfaces, line body cavities, and form protective sheets around organs. Classified according to tissue types.

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Epithelial Membranes

Simple organs that cover and line membranes, containing both an epithelial tissue layer and a connective tissue layer.

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Cutaneous Membrane

The skin; a dry, outermost protective boundary consisting of the epidermis (keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) and dermis (dense connective tissue).

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Mucous Membranes (Mucosae)

Moist membranes that line body cavities open to the exterior, adapted for absorption or secretion, and consist of epithelium and loose connective tissue (lamina propria).

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Serous Membranes (Serosae)

Line compartments in the ventral body cavity that are closed to the exterior, occurring in pairs separated by serous fluid; consist of simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue.

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Peritoneum

Specific serous membrane that covers organs in the abdominal cavity.

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Pleurae

Specific serous membrane that surrounds the lungs.

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Pericardia

Specific serous membrane that surrounds the heart.

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Synovial Membranes

Connective tissue membranes that line fibrous capsules surrounding joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths, secreting a lubricating fluid.

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Integumentary System

Consists of the skin (cutaneous membrane) and skin appendages (sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails).

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Functions of the Integumentary System

Insulates, cushions, and protects the body from mechanical, chemical, thermal damage, UV radiation, microbes, and water loss; regulates heat loss; acts as an excretory system; synthesizes vitamin D.

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Epidermis

The outer layer of the skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium containing keratinocytes.

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Keratin

A fibrous protein produced by keratinocytes that makes the epidermis tough.

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Strata of the Epidermis

From deepest to most superficial: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

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Stratum Basale

Deepest layer of the epidermis where cells undergo mitosis.

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Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of shingle-like dead cells filled with keratin.

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Melanin

A pigment produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale, providing skin color (yellow to brown to black).

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Dermis

The connective tissue layer underlying the epidermis, containing the papillary and reticular regions.

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Papillary Layer

The upper dermal region containing dermal papillae which house capillary loops and receptors.

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Reticular Layer

The deepest skin layer, composed of dense irregular connective tissue, blood vessels, sweat/oil glands and deep pressure receptors.

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Sebaceous Glands

Exocrine glands located all over the skin (except palms and soles) that produce sebum (oil).

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Sudoriferous Glands

Sweat glands widely distributed in the skin; includes Eccrine and Apocrine glands.

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Eccrine Glands

Sudoriferous glands located all over the body that open via ducts to pores on the skin, producing acidic sweat for temperature regulation.

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Apocrine Glands

Sudoriferous glands that empty into hair follicles in the armpit and genitals, releasing sweat containing fatty acids and proteins.

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Hair Follicle

An inner epithelial root sheath and an outer fibrous sheath; dermal region provides a blood supply to the hair bulb.

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Arrector Pili Muscle

Connects to the hair follicle to pull hairs upright when we are cold or frightened.

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Nails

Heavily keratinized, scalelike modifications of the epidermis; growth occurs from the nail matrix of nail bed.