Chapter 11 Med Term Assesment

GI tract

long continuous tube- mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Bile ducts

passageways that carry bile

Hepatic duct

carries bile from liver

cystic duct

carries bile to and from gallbladder

the cystic duct and hepatic duct merge to form this:

common bile duct

an/o

anus

antr/o

antrum

cec/o

cecum

duonden/o

duodenum

col/o, colon/o

colon (large intestine)

enter/o

Intestine(s), small intestine

esophag/o

esophagus

or/o, stomat/o

mouth

proct/o, rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

appendicitis

inflammation of appendix

cholelithiasis

gallstones

cholangioma

tumor of bile duct

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder

choledocholithiasis

stones in common bile duct

colitis

inflammation of colon

diverticulitis

inflammation of diverticulum

enteritis

inflammation of intestines

gastroenteritis

inflammation of stomach/intestines

gingivitis

inflammation of the gums

glossitis

inflammation of the tongue

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

palatitis

inflammation of the palate

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

peritonitis

inflammation of the peritoneum

proctitis

inflammation of the rectum

uvulitis

inflammation of the uvula

diverticulosis

occurs when small bulging pouches develop in digestive tract

hepatoma

tumor of the liver

polyposis

abnormal condition of polyps

rectocele

hernia of rectum

sialolith

stone in salivary gland

Adhesion

abnormal growing together of two peritoneal surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery. Surgical treatment is called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy.

celiac disease

malabsorption syndrome caused by an immune reaction to gluten

Crohn's disease

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and colon

gastroesophageal reflux disease

abnormal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus

Cirrhosis

chronic degenerative disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue commonly caused by alcoholism and certain types of viral hepatitis

intussusception

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

hemorrhoids

swollen/distended veins in rectum/anus, which are called internal / external respectively and can be a source of rectal bleeding and pain

irritable bowel syndrome

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain

peptic ulcer

erosion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum associated with increased secretion of acid from the stomach

polyp

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign and commonly in the throat, nose and intestines

ulcerative colitis

disease characterized by inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers, which can cause bloody diarrhea

abdominocentesis

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the abdominal cavity

appendectomy

excision of the appendix

cholecystectomy

excision of the gallbladder

choledocholithotomy

incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

colectomy

excision of the colon

colostomy

creation of artificial opening into colon (through abdominal wall for passage of stool)

enterorrhaphy

suturing of the intestine

esophagogastroplasty

surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

gastrectomy

surgical removal of part or all of the stomach

gastrostomy

creation of artificial opening into stomach

hemicolectomy

excision of half of the colon

herniorrhaphy

suturing of a hernia (for repair)

ileostomy

creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (used for passage of stool)

laparotomy

incision into the abdominal cavity

polypectomy

excision of a polyp

anastomosis

connection created by surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

bariatric surgery

surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity

esophag/o/gram

Radiographic imaging of the esophagus, (and pharynx). (A contrast medium, such as barium, is used to study function and form of swallowing related to the pharynx and esophagus.) (also called esophogram and barium swallow)

cholangio/gram

radiographic image of bile ducts

capsule endoscopy

(capsule) visual examination within (a hollow organ); (procedure that uses a tiny wireless camera to take pictures of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine [which is not easily accessed by traditional endoscopy]; used to find obscure causes of gastrointestinal bleeding and to diagnose disorders such as Crohn disease, celiac disease, and cancer [also called camera endoscopy])

colonoscopy

visual examination of the colon

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

esophagoscopy

visual examination of the esophagus

gastroscope

instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

laparoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity

proctoscope

instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

sigmoidoscopy

visual examination of the sigmoid colon

aphagia

without swallowing

colorectal

pertaining to the colon and rectum

dyspepsia

difficult digestion

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

gastroenterology

study of the stomach and intestines

proctology

study of the rectum

stomatitis

inflammation of mouth

sublingual

pertaining to under the tongue

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

emesis

expelling matter from stomach through the mouth (vomiting)

gastric lavage

washing out of the stomach

hematochezia

passage of visibly bloody feces

melena

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

palpate

to examine by hand; to feel

peristalis

involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract

reflux

abnormal backflow, the stomach contents flow back into esophagus

stoma

surgical opening between an organ and the surface of the body, such as the opening established in the abdominal wall by colostomy, ileostomy, or a similar operation. Stoma may also refer to an opening created between body structures or between portions of the intestines

Upper GI series

series of radiographic images taken of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum after the contrast agent barium has been administered orally

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

test to detect occult blood in feces. It is used to screen for colon cancer or polyps. Occult blood refers to blood that is present but can only be detected by chemical testing or by microscope.

abdominal sonography

ultrasound scan of the abdominal cavity in which the size and structure of organs such as the aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas can be visualized

Baruim Enema (BE)

series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after contrast agent barium has administered rectally (also known as lower GI series)

APR

abdominoperineal resection

BE

barium enema

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

ERCP

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography