Chapter Four: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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Clinical Assessment

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41 Terms

1

Clinical Assessment

how and why does the client behave abnormally

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2

assessment

the process of collecting and interpreting relevant information about a client or research participant

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3

standardization

the process in which common steps are set up to be followed whenever a tool is administered

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4

reliability

consistency of assessment measures

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5

test-retest reliability

participants are tested on two occasions and the two scores are correlated

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6

interrater reliability

different judges independently agree on how to score and interpret an assessment tool

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7

validity

the tool accurately measures what its supposed to measure

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8

face validity

a tool appears valid because it makes sense and seems reasonable

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9

predictive validity

tools ability to predict future characteristics / behavior

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10

concurrent validity

degree to which the measures gathered from one tool agree with the measures gathered from other assessment techniques

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11

clinical interviews

face-to-face encounter

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12

unstructured interview

clinician asks mostly open-ended questions

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13

structured interview

clinicians ask prepared, specific questions

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14

interview schedule

standard set of questions designed for all interviews

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15

mental status exam

set of questions and observations that systematically evaluate the clients awareness, attention span, memory, etc

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16

clinical tests

devices for gathering info about a few aspects of a persons psychological functioning

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17

projective tests

clients interpret vague stimuli and project aspects of their personality into the task

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18

Rorschach test

inkblots

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19

Thematic Apperception test

people are shown black and white pictures and asked to make up a dramatic story about each card

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20

sentence-completion tests

test-taker completes a series of unfinished sentences

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21

personality inventories

individuals are asked to assess themselves

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22

response inventories

tests designed to measure a persons responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes

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23

affective inventories

measures the severity of emotions like anxiety, depression, and anger

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24

social skills inventories

respondents indicate how theyd react in a variety of social situations

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25

cognitive inventories

reveal a persons typical thoughts and assumptions

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26

polygraph / lie detector test

measures breathing, perspiration, and heart rate

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27

neuroimaging techniques / brain scanning

neurological tests that provide images of brain structure or activity, such as CT scans, PET scans, and MRIs

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28

neuropsychological test

detects brain impairment by measuring a persons cognitive, perceptual, and motor performances

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29

intelligence tests

tests designed to measure a persons intellectual ability

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30

naturalistic observation

clinicians observe clients in their everyday environments

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31

analog observation

clinicians observe clients in an artificial setting

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32

self-monitoring

clients are instructed to observe themselves

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33

Diagnosis

a determination that a persons problems reflect a particular disorder

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34

classification system

a list of disorders, along with descriptions of symptoms and guidelines for making appropriate diagnoses

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35

categorical info

name of the distinct category indicated by the clients symptoms

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36

dimensional info

rating of how severe a clients symptoms are and how dysfunctional the client is across various dimensions of personality and behavior

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37

empirically supported treatment

therapy that has received clear research support for a particular disorder and has corresponding treatment guidelines

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38

rapprochement movement

a movement to identify a set of common factors, or common strategies, that run through all successful therapies

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39

psychopharmacologist

a psychiatrist who primarily prescribes medications

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40

clinical assessment

used to determine whether, how, and why a person is behaving abnormally and how that person may be helped

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41

psychophysiological test

measures physiological responses as possible indicators of psychological problems

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