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17 Terms

1

Orthodox

Traditional interpretation.

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2

Heterodox

Ideas or beliefs that deviate from orthodox standards.

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3

Unorthodox

Non-traditional interpretation.

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4

Lingua franca

A language adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

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5

Baraka

In Islam, barakah is an Arabic word that means 'blessing' and refers to a spiritual power that originates with God and flows through people and objects.

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6

Pluralism

A worldview, a political philosophy, and a way of living in a diverse society.

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7

Jizyah

Tax paid to Muslim rulers by non-Muslim populations.

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8

Syncretic

Combination of various religions and beliefs/practices.

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9

Pantheism

Doctrine that identifies God with the universe or regards the universe as a manifestation of God.

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10

Ghazal

A form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry.

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11

Sunni

The largest branch of Islam, which follows the teachings of the Quran and the Prophet Muhammad.

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12

Shia

The second largest branch of Islam, predominant in Iran, which regards Ali as Muhammad's first true successor.

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13

Isma’ili

A member of a branch of Shiite Muslims that seceded from the main group in the 8th century.

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14

Consort

The partner/husband/wife of a god or goddess.

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15

Avatar

Incarnation of a deity in human (or animal) form in the physical world.

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16

Mausoleum

A large, impressive burial tomb.

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17

Minaret

A tall, slender tower found at mosques, used to call Muslims to prayer.

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