Chapter 21

What was the Cold War?

An era of confrontation and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union that lasted from about 1946 to 1990

Why was the Soviet Union concerned about security?

Germany had invaded them twice.

What did the Soviet Union want communism to do?

Spread

What did Roosevelt think was the key to keeping peace in the world?

Economic Growth

What is the Declaration of Liberated Europe?

the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they will live

How did the 3 leaders decide to divide Germany?

It would be divided into 4 zones (Britain, France, Soviet, and American)

What are satellite nations?

Eastern European countries that had to remain Communist and friendly to the Soviet Union

What is containment?

Keeping communism within its present territory through the use of diplomatic, economic, and military actions

What was the Marshall Plan?

Program to give economic aid to countries in Europe to help them rebuild their economies after WWII.

What triggered the beginning of the Berlin airlift?

The Soviet Union cut off rail and roads to Berlin which limited their food, medicine, and coal

What is NATO?

Military alliance the United States helped create to protect members from communist nations

What is Limited War?

A war fought to achieve a specific objective (like containing Communism)

How did the Korean War change how Americans fought against the spread of communism?

They shifted from using money to using troops also.

What was the widespread fear of a potential rise of communism in the United States?

The Red Scare

What was the loyalty review program?

President Truman established to screen all federal employees.

What 2 events proved to many that the United States was losing the Cold War?

China fell to Communism and the Soviet Union exploded an Atomic Bomb

What is McCarthyism?

Hurting reputations with accusations without much evidence

What is a fallout shelter?

Shelter that keeps you safe from fallout

What kind of supplies did Americans stock in Fallout Shelters?

Canned Food and water

What were kids instructed to do if they were caught in a surprise nuclear attack?

Duck and Cover

What 2 things did Eisenhower believe were essential to win the Cold War?

A Strong Military and Economy

Eisenhower's "New Look" military was instead of a large-scale ____________ to have more ______________________.

military; nuclear weapons

What 3 ways did the United States want to be able to deliver nuclear bombs?

B-52 Bombers (Planes), Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles, Submarines

What does NASA stand for?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

What is NASA's purpose?

Coordinate research in rocket and space technology

What does covert mean?

hidden

What does CIA stand for?

Central Intelligence Agency

What does the CIA do?

Used covert operations to stop pro-communist revolutions.

Which famous World War 2 general was elected president in 1952?

Dwight D. Eisenhower