Anatomical Terminology

TERMINOLOGY
Anatomy: a form of organizing the body parts
Physiology: Function of anatomical parts

Anatomical position. Standing position, feet and palms facing Foward (reference position)

1. Supine lying face upward
2. prone -lying face downward

Anatomical Directions:

1. Superior: “towards head" Upper or above

   Inferior: "towards Feet* lower or below

2. Anterior or ventral: front

   Posterior or dorsal: back

3. Medial: Towards the Midline

   Lateral: toward Sidle or away from the midline

4. Proximal: toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts

   Distal: way from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin

5. Superficial: near surface

   Deep: Farther away from the body surface

   Body Sections: Planes of the Body

6. Sagittal: Length-wise plane running, front to back

   midsagital -divides the body into 2 equal halves

7. Frontal: Length-wise plane running, side-to-side (divides anterior and posterior)

8. Transverse: Horizontal plane or cross-Section (upper | lower portions)

\
Body Cavities:

1. Dorsal: 2 sub-compartments

   1. Cranial cavity - Skull and brain
   2. Vertebral Canal - Vertebrae and spinal Cord

2. Ventral: 2 sub-compartments

   Thoracic -==- chest 3 compartments

   1. Pleural - … contains the lungs
   2. Mediastinum- …trachea, heart, esophagus, thymusgland
   3. pericardial - - encloses the heart

3. Abdominopelvic - upper abdomen and lower pelvis (Diaphragm to floor of pelvis)

   1. Abdominal Cavity - - - Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, Kidneys, majority of Small intestine process, pancrease
   2. Pelvic cavity ---encloses hipbone, urinary bladder, lower colon, internal reproductive organs
      • Organs within a cavity are called viscera
      • diaphragm thin muscle separates thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

   Body Regions:

   Abdominopelvic Cavity: 9 regions

   1. Upper Regions: above 9** rib
   • Right Hypochondriac
   • epigastric
   • Left Hypochondriac
   1. B. Middle Regions: below gth rib and above top of hip bones
      • Right lumbar
      • umbilical
      • Left lumbar
   2. Lower Regions: below top of hip bones
   • Right iliac (inguinal)
   • hypogastric
   • left iliac (inguinal)

4. Mediastinum: separates thoracic into right and left sides

   \
   \

\