AC

Anatomical Terminology

TERMINOLOGY
Anatomy: a form of organizing the body parts
Physiology: Function of anatomical parts

Anatomical position. Standing position, feet and palms facing Foward (reference position)

  1. Supine lying face upward
  2. prone -lying face downward

Anatomical Directions:

  1. Superior: “towards head" Upper or above

    Inferior: "towards Feet* lower or below

  2. Anterior or ventral: front

    Posterior or dorsal: back

  3. Medial: Towards the Midline

    Lateral: toward Sidle or away from the midline

  4. Proximal: toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts

    Distal: way from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin

  5. Superficial: near surface

    Deep: Farther away from the body surface

    Body Sections: Planes of the Body

  6. Sagittal: Length-wise plane running, front to back

    midsagital -divides the body into 2 equal halves

  7. Frontal: Length-wise plane running, side-to-side (divides anterior and posterior)

  8. Transverse: Horizontal plane or cross-Section (upper | lower portions)

Body Cavities:

  1. Dorsal: 2 sub-compartments

    1. Cranial cavity - Skull and brain
    2. Vertebral Canal - Vertebrae and spinal Cord

  2. Ventral: 2 sub-compartments

    Thoracic -==- chest 3 compartments

    1. Pleural - … contains the lungs
    2. Mediastinum- …trachea, heart, esophagus, thymusgland
    3. pericardial - - encloses the heart

  3. Abdominopelvic - upper abdomen and lower pelvis (Diaphragm to floor of pelvis)

    1. Abdominal Cavity - - - Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, Kidneys, majority of Small intestine process, pancrease
    2. Pelvic cavity ---encloses hipbone, urinary bladder, lower colon, internal reproductive organs
      • Organs within a cavity are called viscera
      • diaphragm thin muscle separates thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

    Body Regions:

    Abdominopelvic Cavity: 9 regions

    1. Upper Regions: above 9** rib
    • Right Hypochondriac
    • epigastric
    • Left Hypochondriac
    1. B. Middle Regions: below gth rib and above top of hip bones
      • Right lumbar
      • umbilical
      • Left lumbar
    2. Lower Regions: below top of hip bones
    • Right iliac (inguinal)
    • hypogastric
    • left iliac (inguinal)

  4. Mediastinum: separates thoracic into right and left sides