Anatomical Terminology

TERMINOLOGY Anatomy: a form of organizing the body parts Physiology: Function of anatomical parts

Anatomical position. Standing position, feet and palms facing Foward (reference position)

  1. Supine lying face upward
  2. prone -lying face downward

Anatomical Directions:

  1. Superior: “towards head" Upper or above

   Inferior: "towards Feet* lower or below

  1. Anterior or ventral: front

   Posterior or dorsal: back

  1. Medial: Towards the Midline

   Lateral: toward Sidle or away from the midline

  1. Proximal: toward or nearest the trunk of the body or nearest the point of origin of one of its parts

   Distal: way from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin

  1. Superficial: near surface

   Deep: Farther away from the body surface

   Body Sections: Planes of the Body

  1. Sagittal: Length-wise plane running, front to back

   midsagital -divides the body into 2 equal halves

  1. Frontal: Length-wise plane running, side-to-side (divides anterior and posterior)
  2. Transverse: Horizontal plane or cross-Section (upper | lower portions)

Body Cavities:

  1. Dorsal: 2 sub-compartments

   

  1. Cranial cavity - Skull and brain
  2. Vertebral Canal - Vertebrae and spinal Cord
    1. Ventral: 2 sub-compartments

   Thoracic -==- chest 3 compartments

   

  1. Pleural - … contains the lungs
  2. Mediastinum- …trachea, heart, esophagus, thymusgland
  3. pericardial - - encloses the heart
    1. Abdominopelvic - upper abdomen and lower pelvis (Diaphragm to floor of pelvis)

   

  1. Abdominal Cavity - - - Stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, Kidneys, majority of Small intestine process, pancrease
  2. Pelvic cavity ---encloses hipbone, urinary bladder, lower colon, internal reproductive organs
    • Organs within a cavity are called viscera
    • diaphragm thin muscle separates thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

   Body Regions:

   Abdominopelvic Cavity: 9 regions

   

  1. Upper Regions: above 9** rib
  2. Right Hypochondriac
  3. epigastric
  4. Left Hypochondriac

   

  1. B. Middle Regions: below gth rib and above top of hip bones
    • Right lumbar
    • umbilical
    • Left lumbar
  2. Lower Regions: below top of hip bones
  3. Right iliac (inguinal)
  4. hypogastric
  5. left iliac (inguinal)
    1. Mediastinum: separates thoracic into right and left sides