Chapter 10 American History

What was Chapter 10 about?

changes in the economy, politics, demographics, and territories. Profound impact on how Americans viewed themselves, their communities, and the country’s rapid expansion. Spiritual Revivalism and Social reform 

What was the Second Great Awakening?

A religious revival that swept across America in the early 19^th century, offered a sense of community and purpose in a rapidly changing the world. 

Why were people draw to the Second Great Awakening?

People were drawn to the Second Great Awakening for a renewed sense of spiritual connection, community, and social reform amidst the uncertainties brought by rapid industrialization and societal changes. Many people wanted a sense of stability and belonging  

What were some of the characteristics of the Second Great Awakening?

Emotional, lively religious services, an emphasis on individual salvation and personal piety, and a focus on spreading the gospel to others.  

Explain the Mormons, what connections do they have to our area?

The Mormons are people who believe that the doctrines of the Church were restored to the earth through the Prophet Joseph Smith. They are connected to our area because there is a Mormon temple in Nauvoo and Jospeh Smith was killed in the Carthage Jail.  

What was transcendentalism?

a 19th-century American philosophical and literary movement that emphasized intuition, individualism, and the inherent goodness of humanity and nature. 

Explain the Methodists

A protestant Christian tradition whose origins, doctrine, and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley.  

How were the reform movements connected between America and Europe?

Shared philosophical and political ideals, transatlantic networks of communication and travel, and the influence of specific movements like abolitionism and the Second Great Awakening 

What was the Benevolent Empire?

A network of Protestant reform societies that were prominent in the United States between 1815 and 1861. Organizations existed to spread Christianity and promote social reform.

What were some of the main causes the Benevolent Empire tried to reform?

Temperance, abolition, and education reform 

What was the temperance movement? Why were woman promoting this?

The temperance movement was a social movement that advocated for moderation or total abstinence from alcohol consumption. Women were heavily involved in the movement, often because they felt personally impacted by the negative consequences of men's alcohol abuse on their families and communities 

Who was Carry Nation?

Carry Nation is primarily known for her radical temperance activism, particularly her use of a hatchet to smash saloons and liquor stores as part of her crusade against alcohol consumption. She became a symbol of the temperance movement, advocating for the prohibition of alcohol and the use of hatchets to destroy establishments that sold it 

When did the Abolitionist movement really grow and what did the movement want to do?

The Abolitionist movement grew in the 1830s, there was a rising tide of anticolonization sentiment among northern free Black Americans and middle-class evangelicals flourishing commitment to social refrom radicalized the movement.   

Who was William Lloyd Garrison?

American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. Known for founded the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator in 1831. Advocate for immediate emancipation. 

Who was Fredrick Douglass?

born into slavery around 1818 in Talbot County Maryland, he worked as a suffragist, author, editor, and abolitionist. The south thought he was a dangerous agitator and a threat to the social and economic order of the region. 

Who was Harriet Beecher?

American author and abolitionist who is best known for her influential novel, “Uncle Tom’s Cabin.”

How did females transform their roles as housekeepers to creating reform movements?

Women took the ideology that defined their place in their home and managed to use it to fashion public roles for themselves. Women became more visible and active in the public sphere. 

Explain the areas in which women sought refrom.

Worked to increase women’s access to education, abolitionists movement import for women’s public engagement, and many of the earliest women’s rights advocates began their activism by fighting against slavery 

How successful were women in their push for expanded rights?

The women right’s grew slowly and experienced few victories.  Few states reformed married women’s property laws before the Civil War.  

Evangelism

spreading the gospel

Benevolent

doing something for the sake of being good

Temperance

stop doing something (abstinence from alcohol)