Unit 8 APUSH Keyterms

Eisenhower Doctrine

• US policy designed to provide military and economic aid to ME nations from communism. Authorized US to intervene to protect territorial integrity and political independence

Cambodia Bombing

• US Air Force dropping massive bombs on Cambodia 

24th Amendment

• Abolished federal and state governments from imposing taxes on voters during federal elections

26th Amendment

• Lowered voting age from 21 to 18; prevent federal gov from denying the right to vote based on age of citizens

Affirmative Action

• Policy efforts to promote greater employment opportunities for minorities

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Struck down racial segregation in public education and declared “separate but equal” unconstitutional

Earl Warren

• Supreme Court Justice; overturned “separate but equal” in Brown v. Board of Education

• Warren Commission – investigating assassination of President JFK

Cause of Growth of Suburbs

• Low- interest mortgages, rise in automobiles, away from crowded cities

• GI Bill: provided veterans with low-interest home loans and making homeownership more affordable

Effects of Grow the of suburbs

• Low-interest mortgages allowed spur of homeownership and construction of new suburban housing

• More people began using automobile to commute from suburbs to cities

• Interstate Highway Act

• Believed the ideal life was having a suburban home and family

Camp David Accords

• Peace agreement between leaders of Israel and Egypt by Jimmy Carter

Détene

• Period of improving relations between US and communist nations– China and SU– during Nixon administration 

Dixiecrats

• Lower South delegates who formed the States’ Rights Democratic Party

• Nominated Strom Thurmond for President

Fair Deal

• Extension of the New Deal; proposed by Truman administration

  • Civil rights legislation, national health insurance, and repeal of Taft-Hartley Act

Flexible Response

• Defense strategy by US under Kennedy that aimed to offer broader range of options than just relying on nuclear weapons for defense

George F. Kennan

• US diplomat that devised for containment of Soviet expansion

• Long telegram: outlined his views of SU that inspired policy of containment

The Great Society

• Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) proposed legislation to address problems with voting rights, poverty, diseases, education, immigration, and the environment

Griswold v. Connecticut

• Overturn Connecticut law of prohibiting use of contraceptives, est. constitutional right to privacy

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

• LBJ authorized to take any necessary measures to repel any armed attack against US forces or members of SEATO

• Allowed escalation of the Vietnam War

Voting Rights Act

• Authorized federal protection of the right to vote; permitted federal enforcement of minority voting rights in individual counties 

Civil Rights Act

• Outlawed discrimination in public accommodations and employment (unlike the one in 1875 where it only limited to some places such as hotels and theaters)

Jack Ruby

• Murdered Lee Harvey Oswald who killed JFK

Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassin who killed JFK

Leviitowns

• Low-cost, mass-produced developments of suburban tract housing after WII on Long Island built by William Levitt

National Interstate Defense Highways Act

• Authorized construction of highways; made it easier for people to travel to and from suburbs

New Freedom

• Woodrow Wilson wanted to improve the banking system, lower tariffs, and break up monopolies and giving small businesses freedom to compete

Nixon’s Silent Majority

• Described Americans who were not publicly vocal or supportive of Nixon’s policies and values

NOW

• National Organization for women founded by Betty Friedan; sex discrimination particularlly in employment

NSC-68

• Top-secret policy paper approved by Truman, outlined militaristic approach to combating spread of global communism

Joseph McCarthy & 2nd Red Scare

• Characterized by McCarthy, more specifically McCarthyism (accusations of disloyalty and blacklisting of individuals that led to fear and suspicion)

• Second Red Scare caused by the Cold War and rise of Communism in China; thought the Soviets had spies implemented in the US

Southern Declaration on Integration

• Response to Brown V. Board of Education, declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools were unconstitutional 

• Argued supreme court decision was abuse of judicial power, violation of states’ rights

Taft-Hartley Act

• Law passed over Truman’s veto; contained number of provisions to weaken labor unions such as banning of closed shops

  • Closed shops are places where memberships in a unions is a condition for being hired and for continued employment

Thurgood Marshall

• Promoted Civil rights, served in the Supreme Court

  • Worked in NAACP and Brown v. Board of Education case

Title IX

• Part of Educational Amendments Act that banned gender discrimination in higher education

Truman and Israel

• Recognized state of Israel, prevented communism from spreading

Cause and Effects of Truman Doctrine

• Program announced to aid European countries that were threatened by communism (Greece and Turkey) during the cold war; containment of communism

Vietnamization

Foreign policy strategy implemented by Nixon aiming to gradually reduce American military involvement by transferring responsibility of fighting the war to South vietnamese forces

Tet Offensive

• Surprise attack by Viet Cong and North Vietnamese during Vietnamese New Year; turned American public opinion strongly against the war in Vietnam 

War Powers Act

• Aim to limit president’s power to commit US troops to foreign conflicts without explicit congressional authorization 

Watergate Scandal

• Pentagon Paper leaked by Daniel Ellsberg—top secret history of the Vietnam War— led to the scandal

• Scandal of Nixon administration who tried to cover up break-in of Democratic National Committee’s headquarters in Watergate complex

• Led to Nixon leaving office with threat of impeachment