module 9

e.

e.

The chances that a work of art from ancient times will be found or preserved are greatly increased if a. it was made of durable materials. b. the local climate is conducive to preservation. c. the culture from which it came was stable and organized. d. it was located where access from the outside world was limited. e. All these answers are correct.

sun-dried brick

Because they lacked stone, the ancient Sumerians built their cities from __________________ _____________.

entasis

To compensate for the natural visual distortion in which tall columns appear to bend inward, the Greeks gave them a slight bulge, which is known as__________.

e. the Minoan

All of the following cultures were Mesopotamian EXCEPT a. the Sumerian. b. the Babylonian. c. the Assyrian. d. the Akkadian. e. the Minoan.

naturalism

The bronze head of an Akkadian ruler is a rare example of ________ in ancient art.

Stonehenge in England

The most notable example of Neolithic architecture in Europe is _______________________.

hierarchical scale

In Egyptian art, the convention of representing social importance by size--for example, where the pharaoh is shown much larger than his subjects--is known as___________________.

Amenhotep IV

Under the reign of ________, a new, more naturalistic style of Egyptian art developed.

Sumerians

The earliest-known writing system from which a recorded language developed was the invention of the ______________________.

sunken relief

The sculpture Akhenaten and His Family is an example of the ________ technique.

Howard Carter

King Tutankhamun’s tomb was discovered in 1922 by ______________________.

Neo-Babylonian

A true arch was developed by ________ architects long before the Romans came up with the idea.

Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean

Three major cultures that preceded the Greeks in and around the Aegean Sea were the ________ cultures.

they were melted down to make weapons and other objects.

Although bronze was the favored material for freestanding sculpture in Greece, most bronze statues have not survived, because

Colosseum

Romans could watch gladiators fight to the death, along with other sporting events, at the ___________________________.

the Laocoon Group

A prime example of art from the Hellenistic era is the _______________________.

Roman Republic

According to historians, the Roman era began in 510 B.C.E. with the founding of the _________________________.

female nude figures

Although we know almost nothing about the culture that created them, the abstract ____________________ of the Cycladic culture appear extremely sophisticated for five-thousand-year-old works.

the eruption of a volcano

What destroyed the Roman colonies of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 79 C.E.?

Egyptian, Greek, and Roman

The mummy of Artemidoros, from Fayum, shows the influence of the ________ culture(s).

Nefertiti

The portrait bust of __________ is presented in a naturalistic and elegant style that is timeless.

pharaoh

The Great Sphinx at Giza, in Egypt, has the body of a lion and the head of a(n)_____________________.

Late Geometric

One of the many standard Greek pottery shapes is a krater and belongs to the period known as ___________________________________.

clerestory

The walled, upward extension of the nave that is pierced with windows is called the_________________________.

architectural design of places of worship

Because Christianity emphasized congregational worship, a fundamental change in the _______________________________________________________ was needed.

e. transept

The cross-shaped floor plan of a church is formed by the combined shapes of the nave and the_______________ a. aisles. b. clerestory. c. narthex. d. apse. e. transept.

vertical

The major axis of a central-plan church, such as the church of San Vitale in Ravenna, is __________________.

Greek, Roman

The mosaic Christ as the Sun exemplifies early Christian artists’ appropriation of both ________ and ____________________ iconography.

d. a flattened, abstracted style of art

Unlike their Greek and Roman predecessors, Byzantine artists preferred a. re-creation of daily life in their art. b. a natural, more realistic art. c. calligraphy in their art. d. a flattened, abstracted style of art. e. None of these answers is correct.

ambulatories

Architects of Romanesque churches began installing ________ around the apse, which allowed the overflow of pilgrims to circulate freely around the interior of the church.

interlace

________ is a pattern or patterns formed by intricately interwoven ribbons or bands.

Romanesque, Gothic

The art and architecture of the high Middle Ages is generally divided into two periods, the ________ and the ________.

d. large windows of stained glass

All the following are features of Romanesque architecture EXCEPT a. thick stone walls. b. barrel-vaulted stone ceilings. c. overall massiveness. d. large windows of stained glass. e. round arches.

their stained glass windows

Gothic cathedrals are known especially for what?

embroidery

The technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background is called

narthex

The ________ is the walkway directly in front of a church that serves as the entry porch.

creating figures and settings with an increased naturalism

Duccio and Giotto were two artists whose innovations in _________________________________________________________________ greatly influenced Renaissance painting styles.

Gothic

Abbot Suger’s church near Paris, Saint-Denis, is the first ______________________ church ever built.

Charlemagne

The Palace Chapel at Aachen was built for ________ as his personal place of worship.

They serve as reminders that one is entering a sacred space.

What purpose is served by the carved figures that adorn the entryways at Chartres Cathedral?

Gothic cathedrals

Soaring open spaces, pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses, and stained glass windows are characteristic of____________________ _________________________

Christ Entering Jerusalem

In his painting __________________________, the artist Duccio pioneered the use of architecture to define space and direct movement.

architecture, sculpture

The transition from Romanesque to Gothic style can be seen in the _________________ and __________________________ at Chartres Cathedral.

mosaic

The ________ technique was used to complete the Empress Theodora and Retinue in 547 C.E.

ruler of all

The term pantokrater, used in the title of the mosaic Christ as the Pantokater, is Greek for _____________________________.

reliquary

The gold-hammered vessel set with gems that contained the remains of Saint Foy is called a_________________