Alexander the Great

Stiudy for NCEA

When was Alexander Born

July 356BC 

Which god was Alexander said to have divine lineage to?

Zeus

When did Issis happen

333BC

When did Seige of Tyre Happen?

332BC

When was Alexander the Great’s father murdered?

336BC

What are the imporent details of King Philip II’s murder

His assasinator was his bodyguard and his ex-boyfriend Pausanias whom was assaulted by Attalus

What are some details about King PhilIp’s II murder that make it suspicions

Pausanias was assulted by Attalus and Pausanias did it in public when their were several opportunities for him to kill him in private, ontop of that, 8 years pass so it wasn’t a spontaneous thing. It seemed like he had an idea where he’d go too since he was running to a horse implying he was going somewhere, meaning it wasn’t a suicide mission.

What did Darius do to Alexander’s soilders when he found them

He’d slaughter them and kept a couple of them alive and removed their arms to make an example out of them.

What did Alexander do before Issus due to him being poorly informed?

He went down to the Cicillian Gates while Parmenio continued down to the Syrian gates as Alexander belived that he’d be their. 

What did Alexander realise when he sailed up north and how did he make it his advantage?

Alexander realised that they were now cut from communication lines but he turned this into an advantage and marched up north to face him which meant he was stuck in a small high hill plane sandwiched between mountains and the coast (with a river in the middle)

What’s the three main description of the Battle at Issus?

• Alexander had moved forward and charged with comparison across the river with the first two battalions of the falling followed which lead to the remaining unable to cross the cover

• A gap opened in Macedonian lines and Darius’s mercenaries poured through this gap as the fierce battle developed. Darus meanwhile before being slaughtered by one of Alexander's men.

• Durias army started to flee as soon as they saw their commander leave them behind

What were the death tolls at Issus?

Macidonain army were said to have around 450 were killed and 4500 were wounded. While the Persians lost 10,000 horses and 100,000 foot (which is propaganda).

What did Alexander do after Issus?

Left free to subdue phonecian cities of Gaza and Tyre

What is Tyer’s island description?

Tyre was set on an island half a mile off source and had walls that were around 150 feet high and was considered a formidable undertaking.

How long did it take for Tyre to suceed into Alexander’s hands?

Tyre took seven months to fully invade.

When did Tyre start?

It began in January 332 BC.

What did the Tryians do to do to stop the Macedonians from getting to their island?

The Tyriians managed to harass the workers with arrows as the mole got closer to the island, they also managed to do it with missiles on their ships. Tyrians sent out burning barges to destroy the towers. Alexander had widened the moles to take more towers.

What was an issue that arrose because of Alexanders actions at Tyre

Alexander had dispanded the navy which made it alot harder to attack Tyre.

What eventually helped them get into the Tyra island?

The Phonesican navy came over to Alexander from Sidon, Soil, Mellus, Rhodes and Lycia even Cyprus Alexander had sea superiority with Tyrian ships withdrawing from their harbors, they got attacked from all sides of the island

What did Alexander’s army do to the Tyrians during the seige 

• Alexander built two massive wooden towers 150 feet high to protect them. They were mounted with catapults and covered with rawhide to protect them from missiles. 

What did Alexander do to the Tyrians when he got to them?

Macedonians vented their frustration by selling 30,000 into slavery (which was acceptable in the ancient world with some of them being murdered. Same would happen in Thebes and Gaza and this became a deterrent who stood against the Macedonians

When did the Mutiny Beas happen?

326BC

How long have they’ve been traveling for during the campaign during the Mutiny Beas?

8 Years

What were the states in contions they had when they were the River Beas

• They were all homesick and wanted to return home

  • Their clothes were gone and they were forced to wear indian clothing

• They recently just faced a monsoon for over 30 days

• The hooves of their horses had worn out so they were effectively useless

What misconception did they have about the River Beas

They mistook the River Beas to be 6km wide and 200m deep

What did the army think was beyond the river beas?

They heard rumors of the armies in India had thousand of elephants and were scared

What did the army not want to do?

They didn’t want to go any more forward, cause the revenge was long over and they didn’t know how far he wanted to go.

What did Alexander do at the River Beas inorder to try and coherse his army from crossing

Alexander gave a long speech about his plans to cross the river and to conquer

What was the armies responce to Alexander’s speech at the mutiny beas

Coenus (a veteran) pleaded to head back home which was applauded by everyone, with all other soilders agreeing with him and even officers in close connection to Alexander.

What did Alexander do due to the rebelious behavior at Mutiny Beas"?

He shutted himself in his tenting hoping that they’d chance their opinion, they didn’t. This was in mimic of Archillies

What did Alexander to that chanced his mind at the River Beas?

He did a ritual at the River Beas but a bad omen was given where he took it as the gods wanting him to continue on with his journey 

What did Alexander do after the Mutiny at the River Beas?

He left a huge piece of armor on the bank and built Bucephala

How meny people were recutied in the Mcadonian Army?

30,000 Persians

Arrian quote in relation to River Beas

"Everything was now pointing to withdrawal, he declared to the army that he had decided to turn back."

Plutarch Quote in relation to River Beas (Macedonian Army)

“the Macedonians less eager and discouraged from advancing further into India… Paraessi were waiting for them with 80,000 cavalry”

Plutarch Quote in relation to River Beas (Alexander)

"Alexander shut himself up in his tent from displeasure and wrath and lay there"

An Arrian quote in relation to Alexanders Dress at Opis

"There was the recurring annoyance of Alexander's Persian dress which pointed in the same direction"

When did Opis happen?

324BC

What did Arrian say that the Macadonian army did at Opis?

"all shouted to Alexander to discharge them from service and take his father on the expedition (by this insult they meant Ammon)."

What did Arrian say in context of the Macadonian being discarched from Opis?

"On arriving at Opis,note Alexander called together the Macedonians and declared that he was discharging from the campaign"

What happend after the Mutiny at Opis?

• Craterus was appointed the veterans home

  • He was super popular and he was against the policy of fusion and hated Hephaestion

  • Hephaestion was able to be promoted to Grand Vizier of the Empire.

What did Alexander do to Antipeter?

Antipater would join Alexander as he got replaced by Craterus