Health - Exam Review

What are the different categories of drugs

Stimulant, Depressant, Hallucinogen

Stimulant

Drugs that are pleasurable and that typically cause excitement and restlessness in the central nervous system

Side effects of stimulants

High heart rate and blood pressure, irritability, difficulty sleeping and headaches

Examples of stimulants

Cocaine, nicotine, methamphetamine,

Depressants

Drugs that impact the central nervous system, numbing the brain, slowing the body and could alter perception

Side effects of depressants

slurred speech, loss of coordination, low blood pressure and slowed breathing

Examples of depressants

Alcohol, GHB, Heroin

Hallucinogens

Drugs that cause disorientation between space and time and affect your sense which alters perception

Examples of Hallucinogens

Cannabis, LSD, MDMA ectasy,

What is Cannabis

A natural drug made from the cannabis plant. available in dried, hashish, and infused food and drink

Cannabis symptoms

distorted perception of time, impaired attetnion and memory, and slow reaction time.

Cannabis Risks

Brain health, mental health, Athletic performance, driving and daily life

Cannabis legalization, age and restrictions

illegal, age 19 and can only carry 30 grams or 2.5 ounces

Why is drunk driving unsafe

Alcohol impairs a drivers judgement, coordination and reaction time increasing the risks of accidents

Why do people abuse drugs?

Culture/media, peer pressure, curiousity, celebrations, manage stress, enhance performance, managa mental health problems.

What is a drug

Substances other than food which are taken in order to change the way the body or mind works

Drug use

Using drugs in order to change the way the body work without interfering with ones daily activities

Drug Abuse

The excessive use of substances, despite the physical, emotional, social, legal or economic harm this can cause to themselves and other

Smoking

act of inhaling and exhaling smoke from burning plant material.

vaping

the act of inhaling and exhaling aerosol produced by a vaping device like and electronic cigarette, vape pen or personal vaporizer.

Dangers of smoking

Cancer, breathing problems, heart disease, stroke, dental problems, diabetes, infections, hearing and vision loss

Dangers of vaping

potential lung damage, cardiovascular problems, negative impacts on brain development and can lead to nicotine addiction

Similarities of smoking and vaping

-inhaling nicotine

-increased risk of lung cancer

-both lead to nicotine addiction

Differences in smoking and vaping

-Vapes use synthetic nicotine whereas cigrarettes use nicotine from the plant itself

- Smoking reduces sperm counts in males

-Vapes do not produce tar or carbon monoxide

CPR

Stands for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and performed on someone who’s in cardiac arrest

AED

stands for automated external defibrillator and is a small device that delivers a special shock to the heart

Defibrillation

When call 911 and start CPR on someone

Cardiac arrest

When a heart stops beating, it is no longer pumping blood to the rest of the body

Heart attack

When blood flow towards the heart is blocked, not receiving oxygen and your body starts to shut down

risk factors

smoking, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and lack of exercise, and stress

4 R’s of CPR

Risk, recognize, react and resuscitate

Rowans law

once you get a concussion you tell a trusted immediately and avoid doing anything mentally and physically draining

Concussion signs and symptoms

headache, ringing in the ears, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and drowsiness, blurry vision

do’s in recovering concussions

rest, lots of water, avoid screens, and avoid physically and mentally straining activities,

don’t’s in recovering concusssion’s

no rest, no fluids, on screens, loud noise, and physically and mentally straining activities

signs and symptoms of drug overdose

difficulty walking, coloured nails, pinpoint pupils, cold skin, dizziness, and slow breathing

What drug can be used if an opioid overdose is suspected?

Naloxone

is it okay to use substances under certain circumstances

yes if you’re prescribed by a doctor, medical purposes or if you’re at the legal age

want more nutrients

calcium, iron, fibre, vitamin A and vitamin C

want less of

fat, saturated fat, sodium and sugars

what is the order of ingredients list

greatest amount to least amount

Healthy eating for teens

half fruits and vegetables, protein, and whole grains

what is purpose of nutrion labels?

gives you information about the 13 core nutrients of the product

two types of claims

what is your % daily value

how much of a nutrient a serving of food contributes to you daily recommended intake

why should you use the nutrition facts table

choose and compare products more easily and increase or decrease your intake of any nutrient

portion size

the serving size

nutrition

the science behind how your body uses the components of your food to grown, maintain and repair itself

nutrient

any substance that is taken in by a living thing that is needed live and grow

macronutrients

a type of food requireed in large amounts in the diet like carbohydrates, proteins, fats and wayer

micronutrients

essential nutrients needed by our bodies only in small amounts like vitamins and minerals

Carbohydrates

body’s main source of energy

simple carbs

provide the body with a quick source of energy because they are easily digested

fibre/complex carbs

carb that the body cannot digest and not a source of calories. helps remove cholesterol and manage weight like whole grains, fruit, vegetables and legumes

proteins

acts as an energy source if the body is short on carbs and is the building blocks on enzymes that help digest, fight infection and build blood

Fats

concentrated source of energy especially useful during prolonged physical activity

water

60%-75% of our body is made of water and is used to transport nutrients

vitamins

chemicals that the body needs to build and maintain its cells and release energy from macronutrients

minerals

helps the body makes bones, proteins and blood like iron, sodium and calcium

Calorie

a measure of the amount of energy that food will produce as it passes through the body

Caloric intake

the total number of calories consumed

3 energy nutrients

carbohydrates 4 carlories, protein 4 calories and fat 9 calories

how much of each should we get of the 3 energy nutrients

60% carbohydrates, 10% proteins, 30% fats

energy balance

the energy in should be balanced with energy out

3 different types of fat

saturated, unsaturated and trans

What are the 3 main ingredients in foods that one should be mindful of when selecting foods? and Why?

added sugar , unhealthy fats and sodium

added sugar

weight gain and type 2 diabetes

unhealthy fats

heart diasese and can higher or lower cholestrol

sodium

high blood pressure increase in stroke and heart attack risk

what is healthy active living

a lifestyle that combines regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and positive mental and emotional habits to improve and maintain overall health and well-being.

benefits of exercise to the brain

improves mood, better sleep, and enhances brain function

benefits of exercise to the body

stronger heart and lungs, boosts immune system, increases energy and manages weight

why are warm ups important

to prepare you body and get the blood flowing to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury

why are cooldowns important

helps your body recover safely after exercising and reduces the risk of muscle soreness and injury

rep

one complete movement of an exercise

set

a group of reps done without resting

concussion

a mild traumatic brain injury tha happens when the brain is shaken or jolted inside the skull

when can signs of a concussion show up

some may appear right some may show up days later

what are signs of a concussion

headaches, vomitting, dizziness, balance problems, memory loss, nausea and ringing to the ears

what is consent

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something and is voluntary agreement to engage

when cant people give consent

high or drunk and forced, threatened, bribed or intimidated

sexual harrasement

unwanted verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature

can you change your mind about consent

yes

rules of consent

consent is given freely, consent is reversible, and consent is informed and specific, and consent requires clear communication

unsaturated fats

avocados, fish and eggs

saturated fats

butter, cake and bacon

trans fat

processed food, frozen pizza

what to check when performing CPR

no fire no wire no gas no glass

signs of a heart attack 5 Ps

pain, palw skin, puffing, pooped, puked

signs of a stroke F,A,S,T

Face, arms, speech, time

how many compressions and breaths when performing CPR

30 Compressions 2 breaths

STD

sexual transmitted diasese that are spread through sexual contact

sex

categories to which people are typically assigned to at birth based on genitals

gender identity

a persons internal sense of identitty regardless of their assigned sex

gender expression

how a person presents their gender including appearance, name, pronouns and social behaviour

sexual orientation

a person emotional and sexual attraction to other people

Tobacco

a plant that contains nicotine, a mind altering drug that speeds up activity in our central nervous system but has relaxing effects too.

tobacco forms

cigarettes, pipe and chewing