Labeling Animal and Plant Cell

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Cell Membrane

(both) Surrounds the outside of cell (made of two layers — phospholipid bilayer)

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

Ribosomes

(both) Made of Proteins and rRNA

Located on Rough ER and floating in cystoplasm

Makes Proteins

Smooth ER

(both) No ribosomes on surface; attached to Rough ER

Makes lipids (membrane)

Rough ER

(both) Has ribosomes on surface; hugs nucleus

Makes proteins; packages proteins for secretion (discharge)

Mitocondria

(both) Two parts: inner membrane and matrix (fluid part)

Where cellular respiration (breaking down food to release energy as ATP (source of energy for cells)) happens

Golgi Apparatus

(both) folded membrane

Gets vesicles (carts for transporting pro. around cell) of protein from the ER; processes, sorts, and ships proteins where needed

Nucleus

(both) Contains Genetic material (DNA); surrounded by a nuclear envelope/membrane with pores that control what goes in and out

Protects the DNA that controls the activities of the cell

Nucleolus

(both) Inside of the nucleus

Makes rRna which makes up ribosomes

Vacuole

(animal) small and numerous

Storage (water, nutrients, waste, etc)

Centrioles/Centrosomes

(animal) Made of microtubles **centrosome: 2 centrioles together**

Appear during cell division; help cells divide by pulling chromosomes apart

Lysosomes

(animal) contains enzymes

Break down dead stuff (food, bacteria, old parts of cell, etc); can do programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Cytoplasm

(both) Jelly-like substance; mainly made up of water

Holds everything in place

Chloroplast

(plant) Two parts: grana (stacks) and stroma (fluid)

Where photosynthesis happens; converts energy from the sun (energy into sugar)

Central Vacuole

(plant) 1 massive central structure

Storage centerc

Cell Wall

(plant) Made of cellulose (in plants), chitin (in fungi), and peptiodoglycan (in bacteria)

Protect and maintain shape of cell

Cilia

(animal + bacteria) shorter, more numerous, like tiny oars

move fluid across cell’s surface

Flagella

(animal + bacteria) longer, fewer, acts like a whip to move cell

move entire cell through extracellular fluid

Cytoskeleton

(both) thread-like fibers; made of proteins, usually not pictured in a cell diagram

Give the cell shape; can also move organelles around; provide structural support for animal cells

Prokaryote

Binary fission; no nucleus; no membrane bound organelles; unicellular (EX: bacteria)

Eukaryote

Mitosis; Uni or Multicellular; membrane bound organelles; nucleus (EX: animals, plants, fungi)