FIELD-METHODS-IN-PSY-Midterm_Reviewer-️𓂃-ִֶָ

An overview of various methods used in psychology research, including surveys, archival research, case studies, and observation techniques.

Descriptive Research Methods

Research method that uses pre-existing data like historical records to study psychological phenomena.

Archival Research

Identify a research topic and formulate a question that can be answered using existing data.

Step 1 of Archival Research

Locate relevant archives and data sources.

Step 2 of Archival Research

Evaluate data quality to ensure relevance and reliability.

Step 3 of Archival Research

Extract and organize the relevant information systematically.

Step 4 of Archival Research

Analyze and interpret data using trends and contextual information.

Step 5 of Archival Research

Access to large datasets, cost-effective, allows longitudinal analysis, real-world context.

Advantages of Archival Research

Quality and relevance depend on pre-collected data and may lack context.

Limitations of Archival Research

Load dataset into Jamovi software for analysis.

Data Preparation in Jamovi

Summarizes data using measures like mean and standard deviation.

Descriptive Analysis

Uses linear regression to analyze time-based data trends.

Trend Analysis

Includes descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, content analysis, and more.

Statistical Tools for Descriptive Analysis

Categorizes themes in qualitative data, often using coding software.

Content Analysis

Combines results from multiple studies to determine overall effect sizes.

Meta-Analysis

Examines the time until an event occurs, such as relapse.

Survival Analysis

Compares groups within archived data.

Comparative Analysis

An in-depth study of individuals, groups, or events to explore complex psychological phenomena.

Case Study Method

Provides detailed analysis and generates hypotheses.

Strengths of Case Study Method

Limited generalizability and potential for subjectivity.

Limitations of Case Study Method

Identifies patterns or themes within qualitative data.

Thematic Analysis

Compares different aspects of a single case or between multiple cases.

Comparative Method

Develops a theory based on data collected rather than applying pre-existing theories.

Grounded Theory

Using multiple methods or data sources to cross-verify findings.

Triangulation

Observing subjects in their natural environment without interference.

Naturalistic Observation

Researcher becomes part of the group being studied.

Participant Observation

Includes open-ended, closed-ended, Likert Scale, multiple-choice, ranking, dichotomous, and matrix questions.

Survey Question Types

How easily respondents can understand the survey question.

Clarity in Surveys

Elements that may lead respondents toward a certain answer.

Bias in Surveys

Questions are suitable for diverse cultural backgrounds.

Cultural Relevance

Includes title, introduction, data privacy, demographics, and main body.

Parts of Survey Questionnaire

Collects background information relevant to psychological variables.

Demographic Questions

Includes data privacy, consent, voluntary participation, and anonymity.

Ethical Considerations in Surveys

Thanks participants and provides submission instructions.

Thank You and Submission Section

Cost-effective and convenient, but may have data quality concerns.

Internet Surveys

Higher response rates but are more costly and limited in geographic reach.

Face-to-Face Surveys

Cost-effective and faster but may limit response depth.

Telephone Surveys

Access to hard-to-reach populations but incur high costs.

Mail Surveys

Rapid reach but come with sample bias and privacy concerns.

Social Media Surveys

Outlines steps for conducting surveys, including objectives and audience.

Survey Administration Plan

Strategies for enhancing visibility and participation in surveys.

Survey Promotion

Utilizing tools for storing and analyzing survey responses.

Data Collection and Analysis

Announcing the end of data collection.

Survey Close

Acknowledges participants and shares key takeaways.

Thank You Note in Surveys

Choosing where and when to conduct the survey.

Survey Location and Timeline

Distributing the surveys to participants in a private setting.

Survey Distribution

Entering survey responses into a digital format for analysis.

Data Entry and Analysis

Analyzes strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to a case.

SWOT Analysis

Visually represent processes and relationships between variables.

Logic Models

Examines how subjects construct their experiences through storytelling.

Narrative Analysis

Analyzes language used in conversations to understand social meanings.

Discourse Analysis

Statistical analysis of quantitative data from case studies.

Quantitative Analysis

A tool for researchers to systematically record behaviors during observations.

Observation Checklist

A preliminary observation to test the research setup.

Pilot Observation

Trends or recurring actions observed in research subjects.

Behavior Patterns

Different approaches to conducting surveys, like face-to-face or online.

Survey Administration Methods

Informs participants about how their data will be used.

Privacy Statement in Surveys

Participants agree to the terms and conditions of research.

Informed Consent

The percentage of people who complete a survey out of those targeted.

Response Rates

Explanations about the survey’s objectives and expected completion time.

Introductory Instructions in Surveys

Informing participants how their data will be used and stored.

Data Privacy in Social Media Surveys

Methods to increase participation such as catchy posts and ads.

Survey Promotion Strategies

Interacting with participants to encourage survey completion.

Engagement in Surveys