Studied by 1 person
postreinforcement pauses
Fixed schedules tend to produce ________ while variable schedules don't.
FR1
________ is the same as a continuous.
gradient effect
Goal ________: increase in the strength /efficiency of responding as one approaches the goal.
Noncontingent schedules
________: reinforcer is delivered independently of any response.
Premack principle
________: high- probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low- probability behavior (first work then play)
Response deprivation hypothesis
________: behavior can serve as a reinforcer when access to the behavior is restricted and its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence.
Variable interval
________: reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable amount of time.
Variable duration schedule
________: behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable period of time.
Adjunctive behaviors
________: innate tendencies, like fidgeting, that are elicited during a period of waiting.
Response
________ is not required for the reinforcer to be obtained.
ratio
Fixed ________: reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses.
Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding neither too fast nor too slow.
interval
Fixed ________: reinforcement is contingent on the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time.
previous reinforcer
Adjusting schedule: response requirement changes as a function of the organisms performance while responding for the ________.
Behavioral bliss
________ approach: organism with free access to alternate activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement.
predictable period of time
Fixed duration schedule: behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, ________.
Incentive motivation
________: motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state.
Characteristic response pattern
________: stable pattern that emerges once the organism has had considerable exposure to the schedule.
Variable ratio
________: reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses.
Schedule of reinforcement
________: response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement.
Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding at a slow rate.
Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding at a fast rate.
schedule of reinforcement
response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement
continuous reinforcement schedule
each specified response is reinforced
intermittent / partial reinforcement schedule
only some responses are reinforced
fixed ratio
reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses
short pause
post-reinforcement pause
variable ratio
reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses
fixed interval
reinforcement is contingent on the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time
scalloped pattern of responding
postreinforcement pause followed by a gradually increasing rate of response as the interval draws to a close
variable interval
reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable amount of time
characteristic response pattern
stable pattern that emerges once the organism has had considerable exposure to the schedule
duration schedules
reinforcement is contingent on performing a behavior continuously throughout a period of time
fixed duration schedule
behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, predictable period of time
variable duration schedule
behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable period of time
response-rate schedule
reinforcement is directly contingent upon the organisms rate of response
differential reinforcement of high rates
reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain period of time
ex
swimming for sport
differential reinforcement of low rates
minimum amount of time must pass between each response before the reinforcer will be delivered
example
brushing teeth slowly
differential reinforcement of paced responding
reinforcement is contingent upon emitting a series of responses at a set rate
ex
musical activities
noncontingent schedules
reinforcer is delivered independently of any response
fixed-time schedule
reinforcer is delivered following a fixed, predictable period of time, regardless of the organisms behavior
variable time schedule
reinforcer is delivered following a varying, unpredictable period of time, regardless of the organisms behavior
adjunctive behaviors
innate tendencies, like fidgeting, that are elicited during a period of waiting
complex schedules
consist of a combination of two or more simple schedules
conjunctive schedule
requirements of two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered
adjusting schedule
response requirement changes as a function of the organisms performance while responding for the previous reinforcer
chained schedule
consists of a sequence of two or more simple schedules
goal gradient effect
increase in the strength / efficiency of responding as one approaches the goal
backward chaining
train the final link first and the initial link last
drive reduction theory
an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive
incentive motivation
motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state
premack principle
high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior (first work then play)
response deprivation hypothesis
behavior can serve as a reinforcer when access to the behavior is restricted and its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence
behavioral bliss approach
organism with free access to alternate activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement
Note 
Flashcard (31)