Fixed schedules tend to produce ________ while variable schedules don't.
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FR1
________ is the same as a continuous.
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gradient effect
Goal ________: increase in the strength /efficiency of responding as one approaches the goal.
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Noncontingent schedules
________: reinforcer is delivered independently of any response.
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Premack principle
________: high- probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low- probability behavior (first work then play)
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Response deprivation hypothesis
________: behavior can serve as a reinforcer when access to the behavior is restricted and its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence.
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Variable interval
________: reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable amount of time.
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Variable duration schedule
________: behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable period of time.
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Adjunctive behaviors
________: innate tendencies, like fidgeting, that are elicited during a period of waiting.
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Response
________ is not required for the reinforcer to be obtained.
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ratio
Fixed ________: reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses.
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Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding neither too fast nor too slow.
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interval
Fixed ________: reinforcement is contingent on the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time.
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previous reinforcer
Adjusting schedule: response requirement changes as a function of the organisms performance while responding for the ________.
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Behavioral bliss
________ approach: organism with free access to alternate activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement.
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predictable period of time
Fixed duration schedule: behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, ________.
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Incentive motivation
________: motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state.
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Characteristic response pattern
________: stable pattern that emerges once the organism has had considerable exposure to the schedule.
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Variable ratio
________: reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses.
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Schedule of reinforcement
________: response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement.
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Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding at a slow rate.
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Reinforcement
________ is provided for responding at a fast rate.
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schedule of reinforcement
response requirement that must be met to obtain reinforcement
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continuous reinforcement schedule
each specified response is reinforced
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intermittent / partial reinforcement schedule
only some responses are reinforced
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fixed ratio
reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses
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short pause
post-reinforcement pause
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variable ratio
reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses
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fixed interval
reinforcement is contingent on the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time
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scalloped pattern of responding
postreinforcement pause followed by a gradually increasing rate of response as the interval draws to a close
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variable interval
reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable amount of time
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characteristic response pattern
stable pattern that emerges once the organism has had considerable exposure to the schedule
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duration schedules
reinforcement is contingent on performing a behavior continuously throughout a period of time
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fixed duration schedule
behavior must be performed continuously for a fixed, predictable period of time
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variable duration schedule
behavior must be performed continuously for a varying, unpredictable period of time
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response-rate schedule
reinforcement is directly contingent upon the organisms rate of response
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differential reinforcement of high rates
reinforcement is contingent upon emitting at least a certain number of responses in a certain period of time
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ex
swimming for sport
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differential reinforcement of low rates
minimum amount of time must pass between each response before the reinforcer will be delivered
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example
brushing teeth slowly
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differential reinforcement of paced responding
reinforcement is contingent upon emitting a series of responses at a set rate
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ex
musical activities
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noncontingent schedules
reinforcer is delivered independently of any response
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fixed-time schedule
reinforcer is delivered following a fixed, predictable period of time, regardless of the organisms behavior
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variable time schedule
reinforcer is delivered following a varying, unpredictable period of time, regardless of the organisms behavior
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adjunctive behaviors
innate tendencies, like fidgeting, that are elicited during a period of waiting
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complex schedules
consist of a combination of two or more simple schedules
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conjunctive schedule
requirements of two or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered
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adjusting schedule
response requirement changes as a function of the organisms performance while responding for the previous reinforcer
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chained schedule
consists of a sequence of two or more simple schedules
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goal gradient effect
increase in the strength / efficiency of responding as one approaches the goal
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backward chaining
train the final link first and the initial link last
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drive reduction theory
an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive
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incentive motivation
motivation that is derived from some property of the reinforcer, as opposed to an internal drive state
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premack principle
high-probability behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior (first work then play)
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response deprivation hypothesis
behavior can serve as a reinforcer when access to the behavior is restricted and its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence
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behavioral bliss approach
organism with free access to alternate activities will distribute its behavior in such a way as to maximize overall reinforcement
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