parts 1 2 and 3 history test number 2 grade 10

Imperialism

when a more powerful nation takes over a weaker or developing are/nation for its natural resources, land and labor

Menelik II

emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913- best known for successfully resisting he stopped italy — European imperialism.

Leopold II

the king of Belgium who brutally exploited the Congo for rubber and ivory, causing millions of deaths.

Chicotte

a whip made of rawhide that Belgian colonizers used in the Congo to punish and force workers during Leopold II’s rule.

berlin conference of 1884

A meeting where European powers divided Africa for colonization and trade to avoid conflicts during the “Scramble for Africa.

direct rule

The French practiced direct rule by sending their own officials and soldiers to govern and administer their colonies.

indirect rule

The British practiced indirect rule by using local sultans and chiefs to govern their colonies.

Spheres of Influence

A third form of Western control where a foreign power has claimed special rights or trading privileges in a region.

cecil rhodes

named north and south Rhodesia - a British imperialist and businessman who mined for rescources through his company

Boer war

a conflict in South Africa between the British and the Boers (Dutch settlers) over control of land and gold and diamond resources, which the British eventually won. 1899-1902

social darwinism

the idea that strong nations deserve to rule and weak nations deserve to be conquered, based on “survival of the fittest.”if a nation can’t survive then its not fit to live or hold power

ottoman empire

a large empire that ruled over much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa from the 14th century to the early 20th century

young turks

Ottoman reformers who took power and caused the Armenian Genocide during WWI.

Armenians

group of christian people During World War I, the young turks accused them of disloyalty eading to the Armenian Genocide.

Suez Canal

man made major water way in Egypt that helped quicken trade and transportation 

British East India Company

an English trading company founded in 1600 played a major part in expanding british power and influence in asia especially india

sati

hindu practice in which a widow was expected to burn herself on her husbands funeral pyre to show her devotion

indian national congress

a political party founded in 1885that worked for indian self rule and later led the movement for independence

muslim league

a political party founded in 1906 to protect the rights of Muslims in India and later played a key role in the creation of Pakistan.

viceroy

representative of a monarch who rules a colony or territory on the monarch’s behalf,

Sepoy Rebellion/mutiny

: A large-scale revolt in 1857–1858 by Indian soldiers

opium wars 

Wars between China and Britain because Britain wanted to keep selling opium, China tried to stop it british military defeated them