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Unequal Power Dynamics
Power imbalances that result from factors like military strength, economic control, and social structures during imperial expansion.
British Raj
The period of British direct rule in India from 1858 to 1947, following the Sepoy Rebellion.
Sepoy Rebellion
A major but unsuccessful uprising against the British East India Company's rule in India in 1857.
Divide and Rule
A strategy employed by colonial powers to maintain control by fostering divisions among local populations.
EIC (East India Company)
A British trading company that played a major role in the colonization of India, beginning its influence in the 1600s.
Opium Wars
Two wars (1839-1842 and 1856-1860) fought between China and Britain over trade and the opium trade.
Taiping Rebellion
A massive civil war in southern China from 1850 to 1864, fueled by anti-foreign sentiment and resentment against Qing rule.
Social Darwinism
A theory that applies natural selection to human societies, often used to justify imperialist expansion and racist ideologies.
Christian Missionizing
The efforts by colonial powers to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity as part of their imperial initiatives.
Scramble for Africa
The rapid invasion and colonization of African territory by European powers from the 1880s to the onset of World War I.
Berlin Conference
A meeting in 1884-1885 where European nations established rules for the colonization of Africa.
Colons
European settlers in Algeria who benefited from land and resource exploitation during colonization.
Yamato Race Theory
A nationalist ideology in Japan asserting the superiority of the Japanese people and justifying imperialism.
Rubber exploitation
Intensive harvesting of rubber in the Congo, leading to severe human rights abuses.
Chicottes
Whips used by Belgians to punish Congolese workers harshly.
Motives for colonization Of Belgium in the Congo
Pursuit of raw materials, land, markets, prestige, and power.
Legacy of exploitation
Long-lasting internal issues in Congo resulting from colonial rule.
