3.1.2.5 Balanced equations and associated calculations

Formula linking mass, moles, Mr

Moles=mass/Mr

Formula linking volume, concentration, moles

Moles=concentration*volume

Formula linking moles and volume of gas

Moles=volume/24dm³

Hydrated salts

A compound containing water of crystallisation (can form crystals as water is part of their structure)

How to calculate percentage yield?

(Actual yield / real yield) * 100

How to calculate atom economy?

Mass of required product/sum of reactants) *100

or

Mole of required product/sum of moles of reactant *100

Why is atom economy not enough.

Reaction doesn’t go into completion - not all reactants react to make the product (reversible reactions)

There may be side reactions (or might react differently than you’d expect

May lose some reactant when separating it from reaction mixture (e.g. when filtering, some solid may remain on filter paper)