AnaPhy

terminologies

Anatomy

study of the structure and design of living things, from the whole organism to the cell level

Physiology

the stude of the mechanical, physical and biochemical function of living things

Cell

the basic structural and function unit of most living organism It is the smallest unit of ta multi -cellular organism and often called as a building block of organelles surrounded by a membrane

Protein

one of four major classes of molecules found in the body and a majorr target of embalming chemicals

Formaldehyde

locks proteins in place, like turning soft jelly into solid plastic, so that bacteria can’t break it down and the body stays preserved longer.

Enzyme

• specialized protein molecules found in cell that facilitate most biochemical reaction in the body.

• After death, enzyme can be a ma]jor cause of decomposition and therefore are important targets for embalming chemicals

Tissue

• cells of similiar origin are organized into grasp (tissue) to carry out specific function. For example, muscle cells are organized into group to form muscles

Organ

• Tissue of different kinds are organized into organs to perform specific function.

• example: heart, muscle, connective tissue and epithelial cells organized into a stucture to pump blood.

Organ System

• groups of organs that work togeter to perform a larger , more complex function. the heart, blood comprise the circulatoy system

Anatomical division of the body

• it is important in locating the major blood vessels and cavities for purpose of embalming,

Head and Cranial Cavity

• the head houses the brain or central nervous system in the cranial cavity

• there are the jaws, facial muscles and associated blood supply

Cranial Cavity

• it is where they houses the brain and central nervous system

Neck

• The region that _____ are the spinal cord and several tubes that connect the mouth to the digestive and respiratory system

Trunk

it begins below the neck and continues to the start of the legs or lower sxtremities. it contains three of the seven natural anatomical division

Thorax and thoracic cavity

• part id the body immediately below the neck and above the muscular diaphragm. it houses a number of bony elements that easily identifiables.

• the surface landmark includes collarbone and its associated muscles, sternum, clavicle and upper seven ribs.

thorax

breast are found in this area

thoracic

the heart, pericardium, pleura and lungs found in this area or cavity

abdomen and abdominal cavity

• it extends from the diaphragm down to the pelvis. it bounded by the lower five ribs laterally and dorsally.

Right upper quadrant

it is where this following organ located

• Liver (right lobe)

• Gallbladder

• Duodenum (part of small intestine)

• Head of pancreas

• Right kidney and adrenal gland

• Part of ascending colon

• Part of transverse colon

Left upper quadrant

it is where this following organ located:

• Liver (left lobe)

• Stomach

• Spleen

• Body and tail of pancreas

• Left kidney and adrenal gland

• Part of transverse colon

• Part of descending colon

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

it is where this following organ located:

• Cecum

• Appendix

• Part of small intestine (ileum)

• Right ureter

• Right ovary and fallopian tube (females)

• Right spermatic cord (males)

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

it is where this following organ located:

• Part of small intestine

• Part of descending colon

• Sigmoid colon

• Left ureter

• Left ovary and fallopian tube (females)

• Left spermatic cord (males)

Pelvis and Pelvic cavity

• this is the lower portion of the trunk

• it is bounded anteriorly by the pubic symphysis of the pelvis, laterally by the hipbones and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx.

• The bladder and female reproductive organs are found here as well as parts of the small and large intestine

Pelvic Cavity

• located in the lower portion of the trunk, is bounded anteriorly by the pubic symphysis, laterally by the hip bones, and posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx. It contains the urinary bladder, female reproductive organs, and portions of the small and large intestines.

Pelvis

• is the bony structure forming the lower part of the trunk. It includes the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx. It supports the spine, protects pelvic organs, and forms the boundaries of the pelvic cavity, which houses the bladder, reproductive organs, and portions of the intestines.

Upper extremities

arm from the shoulders to the fingers comprise the upper extremities. Several major muscles, bones, arteries and veins are found within this parts

Lower extremities

• the legs from the thighs to the toes comprise this area muscles, bones, nerves, and vascular elements are found there

artificial anatomica division

• the abdomen including the pelvic caviy, has artificial descriptive terms that may helpful in locating strutures or describing conditions. The abdomen may divided into 4 quadrants

Green color

• the first visible sign of decomposition is usually this color of the abdominal wall in lower right quadrant.

Body Symmetry

human body is bilaterally symmetrical. it has right and left halves. that are mirror images.

lateral

• away from the center plane of the body

• jugular vein is lateral to the carotid artery P

Medial

• toward the center plane

• the inner surface of the upper arm provide good access to the branchial artery

Proximal

• nearer the center of the body

Distal

• farther from the center of the body

Posterior

back of the body

Anterior

the front of the body