AP Euro Topic 4.4 18th c Society and Demographics Terms/Names (Amsco)

18th Century Society

migrate

to move from one place to another

Agricultural Revolution

A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically.

land reclamation

the process of restoring land to a more useful condition, usually in a way that is good for farming (such as draining areas that are constantly flooded).

crop rotation

The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility.

enclosure movement

practice of fencing or enclosing common lands into individual holdings

Enclosure Acts

a series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use that had previously been common land used by peasant farmers

epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease.

bubonic plague

Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people

small pox

Leading cause of death in Europe in the 17th and 18th Centuries.

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

introduced the idea (learned from Turkey) of variolation, getting immunity to a disease by getting a mild form of the disease on purpose.

marriage pattern

trends in the demographics of marriage

Edward Jenner

"Father of Immunology" Developed a vaccine for smallpox using the similar (But less deadly) Cow Pox as a vaccine

foundling hospital

a place where infant children of unknown parents are taken in and cared for

universal education

the idea that there should be free and compulsory (mandatory) education for all children for at least an elementary education.