bio lipids quiz

what are the building blocks (monomers) of lipids?

glycerol & fatty acids

4 types of lipids

* triglycerides (fats & oils)
* phospholipids
* waxes
* steroids (cholesterol)

6 functions for lipids

* store energy (triglycerides)
* insulate the body (triglycerides)
* cushion & protect organs (triglycerides)
* form cell membrane (phospholipids)
* waterproofs you (waxes)
* protects you from microorganisms (waxes)

what are saturated fatty acids (bonds wise)?

* has all singular covalent bonds between carbons


* have as many hydrogens as possible

what are unsaturated fatty acids (bonds wise)?

* has **double** covalent bonds between carbons


* don’t have as many hydrogens as possible

what are triglycerides?

* made of glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains
* fat/energy reserves
* stored in adipocytes (fat cells)

what does the suffix -cytes mean?

cell

what is glycerol?

* an alcohol
* forms the backbone of a fat

examples of saturated fatty acids & where do they generally come from?

* butter, margarine, shortening (solids at room temp)
* come from animals

examples of unsaturated fatty acids & where do they generally come from?

* oils (liquids at room temp)
* come from plants

what does dehydration synthesis do in lipids?

links the 3 fatty acid chains to the glycerol in lipids to form a triglyceride.

what are hydrogenated fats?

unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to be saturated by adding hydrogens (they’re bad for you).

what are phospholipids?

the lipids found in cell membranes

are phospholipid heads and tails hydrophobic or hydrohpillic?

heads = hydrophilic (polar)

tails = hydrophobic (non-polar)

what does amphipathic mean & what are amphipathic?

amphipathic = having both a hydrophobic & hydrophilic region

ex: phospholipids

what do waxes do?

* water-proof plants & animals
* prevent dehydration
* protect us from microorganisms

what makes up waxes?

a long fatty acid joined to a long alcohol chain

what does earwax do?

prevents microorganisms from entering the ear canal & causing infections like earaches.

what are steroids made of?

4 fused rings of carbon

* 3 are 6 sided
* 1 is 5 sided

name 3 steroids found in humans

1. cholesterol
2. estrogen
3. testosterone

what are anabolic steroids?

synthetic steroids (variations of testosterone) that are used to build up muscles \*\*bad for the users health\*\*

what do anabolic reactions do?

build larger molecules from smaller molecules

what do catabolic reactions do?

break larger molecules down into smaller ones

which country was notorious for using anabolic steroids?

East Germany

what is arteriosclerosis?

when the diameter of the arteries gets smaller (hardening of the arteries) due to plaque/cholesterol build-up.

sketch a phospholipid, saturated fatty acid, and an unsaturated fatty acid

\:)

how are triglycerides used in living organisms?

* cushion & protect organs
* insulation
* energy storage

how are phospholipids used in living organisms?

form the cell membrane

how are steroids used in living organisms?

* regulate hormones
* cholesterol (main steroid) keeps animal cells fluid & stabilized

why don’t oils dissolve in water?

they’re hydrophobic because of their long fatty acid chain.

what smaller molecules make up a fat molecule?

3 fatty acids + a glycerol

what does PO4- mean?

phosphate group

how do phospholipids, waxes, and steroids differ in structure from fats?

* fats have 3 fatty acid chains
* phospholipids have 2 fatty acids & a phosphate group
* waxes have a single, very long, fatty acid & an alcohol