Studied by 58 people
what are the building blocks (monomers) of lipids?
glycerol & fatty acids
4 types of lipids
triglycerides (fats & oils)
phospholipids
waxes
steroids (cholesterol)
6 functions for lipids
store energy (triglycerides)
insulate the body (triglycerides)
cushion & protect organs (triglycerides)
form cell membrane (phospholipids)
waterproofs you (waxes)
protects you from microorganisms (waxes)
what are saturated fatty acids (bonds wise)?
has all singular covalent bonds between carbons
have as many hydrogens as possible
what are unsaturated fatty acids (bonds wise)?
has double covalent bonds between carbons
don’t have as many hydrogens as possible
what are triglycerides?
made of glycerol & 3 fatty acid chains
fat/energy reserves
stored in adipocytes (fat cells)
what does the suffix -cytes mean?
cell
what is glycerol?
an alcohol
forms the backbone of a fat
examples of saturated fatty acids & where do they generally come from?
butter, margarine, shortening (solids at room temp)
come from animals
examples of unsaturated fatty acids & where do they generally come from?
oils (liquids at room temp)
come from plants
what does dehydration synthesis do in lipids?
links the 3 fatty acid chains to the glycerol in lipids to form a triglyceride.
what are hydrogenated fats?
unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered to be saturated by adding hydrogens (they’re bad for you).
what are phospholipids?
the lipids found in cell membranes
are phospholipid heads and tails hydrophobic or hydrohpillic?
heads = hydrophilic (polar)
tails = hydrophobic (non-polar)
what does amphipathic mean & what are amphipathic?
amphipathic = having both a hydrophobic & hydrophilic region
ex: phospholipids
what do waxes do?
water-proof plants & animals
prevent dehydration
protect us from microorganisms
what makes up waxes?
a long fatty acid joined to a long alcohol chain
what does earwax do?
prevents microorganisms from entering the ear canal & causing infections like earaches.
what are steroids made of?
4 fused rings of carbon
3 are 6 sided
1 is 5 sided
name 3 steroids found in humans
cholesterol
estrogen
testosterone
what are anabolic steroids?
synthetic steroids (variations of testosterone) that are used to build up muscles **bad for the users health**
what do anabolic reactions do?
build larger molecules from smaller molecules
what do catabolic reactions do?
break larger molecules down into smaller ones
which country was notorious for using anabolic steroids?
East Germany
what is arteriosclerosis?
when the diameter of the arteries gets smaller (hardening of the arteries) due to plaque/cholesterol build-up.
sketch a phospholipid, saturated fatty acid, and an unsaturated fatty acid
:)
how are triglycerides used in living organisms?
cushion & protect organs
insulation
energy storage
how are phospholipids used in living organisms?
form the cell membrane
how are steroids used in living organisms?
regulate hormones
cholesterol (main steroid) keeps animal cells fluid & stabilized
why don’t oils dissolve in water?
they’re hydrophobic because of their long fatty acid chain.
what smaller molecules make up a fat molecule?
3 fatty acids + a glycerol
what does PO4- mean?
phosphate group
how do phospholipids, waxes, and steroids differ in structure from fats?
fats have 3 fatty acid chains
phospholipids have 2 fatty acids & a phosphate group
waxes have a single, very long, fatty acid & an alcohol
