APUSH Unit Eight

Containment

US Cold War policy of preventing the spread of Communism through military force

Pentagon Papers

Showed horror of the Vietnam War

Watt Riots (1965)

Riots over the suspected police abuse of a Black man

Feminine Mystique (1963)

Book that sparked second-wave feminism in the US

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

Principal channel of student commitment in the United States civil rights movement

Great Society

Lyndon B Johnson’s platform; aimed to eliminate racial injustice and poverty

Head Start (1964)

Part of the Great Society; gave preschool children from families with low income a comprehensive program to help meet their needs

Pentagon Papers (1971)

Revealed that the US had expanded its bombing of Southeast Asia, which hadn’t been reported by the media; led to the credibility gap

Truman Doctrine (1947)

Promise to give aid to any country threatened by Communism

Marshall Plan (1948)

Aid for European countries in an attempt to help them rebuild; helps them resist Communism

NATO (1949)

Military alliance to resist Communist aggressions

Warsaw Pact (1955)

USSR equivalent of NATO

National Security Act (1947)

Centralized the department of defense, created the CIA, etc

Taft-Harley Act (1947)

Made it more difficult to go on strike; had union members swear they were not Communists

Federal Employee Loyalty and Security Program (1947)

Executive order that made federal employees swear that were not fascists or communists; allowed investigations

Un American Activities Committee (1938)

Searched for Communists in culture

Rosenburg Case (1951)

Rosenburgs accused of stealing nuclear bomb plans for the USSR; executed

Hiss Case (1950)

Government official who was thought to be a Communist, although convicted on perjury; begged the question of how many high level officials are Communists?

Serviceman Readjustment Act (1944)

Veterans could go to college for free and take out low interest loans

Interstate Highway Act (1956)

Created highways which allowed for the suburbs to thrive

GI Bill (1944)

Provided training, low interest loans, and other benefits to veterans

Executive Order 9981 (1948)

Banned segregation in the military

Civil Rights Commission (1957)

Collected and studied information on discrimination

Brown v Board of Education (1954)

Overturned Plessy v Ferguson; desegregated schools

Camp David Accords (1978)

Organized peace between Israel and Egypt

Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)

Allowed Middle Eastern countries could request aid if they were threatened by armed aggression

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

SEATO (1954)

Southeast treaty to defend against Communism

Office of Economic Opportunity (1964)

Programs like literacy and vocational training was provided for impoverished Americas; limited effect due to all the money going to the Vietnam War

Medicare (1965)

Federally funded health insurance for the olds

Medicaid (1965)

Federally funded health insurance for those in poverty

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Made discrimination based on race or religion illegal

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Prohibited racial discrimination in the voting booth by outlawing literacy tests and poll taxes

24th Amendment (1964)

Abolished poll taxes

Roe v Wade (1973)

States couldn’t prevent abortion

Self-Determination Act (1975)

Gave greater control to Natives over laws, education, and policing

Environmental Protection Agency (1970)

Oversees polluters and regulates industries such as pesticides manufacturing

Clean Air Act (1970)

Controlled air pollution

Wilderness Act (1964)

Set aside federal lands from commercial economic development

Bakke v UCLA (1978)

Declared minority quotas were unconstitutional

Cold War (1947-1989)

A conflict between the US and USSR where neither engaged in open warfare

Berlin Blockade (1948)

The USSR blocked supply lines in order to try to absorb Western Berlin

Berlin Airlift (1948)

US flew in supplies to East Berlin; success

Korean War (1950-1953)

Part of Containment; North Korea invaded South Korea

Red Scare

Ah! Communism

Bay of Pigs (1961)

Us tries to train Cuban exiles to overthrow the government; big fail

Cuban Missile Crisis

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1954)

Stemmed from the Gulf of Tonkin Incident; a blank check to use military power to protect US interests (1955)

Montgomery Bus Boycott

Rosa Parks incited this & rise of MLK

Sit-In Movement (196)

 Would sit at White only counters and demand to be served

March on Washington (1963)

200,000 gathered at the Lincoln monument to protest against civil rights

Occupation of Alcatraz (1969)

Natives had a treaty with the government that said they got abandoned land; Alcatraz was abandoned → stayed 19 months → Self-Determination Act

Stonewall (1969)

Gathering in a gay bar (illegal) → resistance → marches and stuff

Kent State Massacre (1970)

Students were protesting the Vietnam War but there was some looting → National Guard sent → protesters throw rocks → National Guard opens fire

Three Mile Island (1979)

Nuclear plant partially melted down and released radioactive stuffs → scared of nuclear

Watergate (1972)

Nixon’s reelection committee was caught breaking into the Watergate hotel where they attempted to bug and tap into phones in the Democratic Party’s headquarters

Hollywood Ten (1947)

Singled out as Communists → forced to testify → refused → jail + blacklisted 

Joseph McCarthy

Claimed to have the names of Communists in the State Department; no proof

Jack Kerouac

Part of 1950s counter-culture; poems had a stream of consciousness like prose and rejected meter

Little Rock Nine (1957)

Governor tried to prevent Black kids from entering a White school; federal guards sent to protect them

Fidel Castro

Communist leader of Cuba

Black Panthers

Militant Black rights group