APUSH Test Review (0-0)

mass test review

Significant urban growth in the late nineteenth century meant that by 1900, more than one million people were living in

cities like New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia.

In the 1870s, U.S. industrialists hired cheap labor from around the world because

railroad expansion and low steamship fares enabled immigrants to flock to America.

In the late nineteenth century, racism directed at ethnic immigrant groups in America

was the product of people’s perceiving ethnic and religious differences as racial characteristics

The transportation innovation that first allowed late-nineteenth-century to expand

electric streetcar

Being a skilled craftsman in America in the late-nineteenth century

did not ensure financial security

Toward the end of the late nineteenth century, efforts to abolish or regulate child labor had

made little headway in the South

Advent of adding machine, typewriter had greatest impact on

literate white women

Main lesson from Strike

Effectiveness of gaining power in workplace

Haymarket Affair

rally of laborers by radicals

American connection through

baseball

School

free tuition

By 20th century big city ruled

peacefully and accomodations

At root of farmers’ dissatisfaction

banking, railroads, tariffs

People injured, killed after Frick

hired Pinkertons

After four and a half months, Homestead mill ended

strikers minus union leaders

Pullman strike of 1893 ended

President Cleveland called out army

Only state allowed women to vote in 1890

Wyoming

National Woman’s Suffrage Association

demanded vote for women

Eloquent plea for free silver

William Jennings Bryan

Sugar interest wanted Hawaii but

Pres. Cleveland learned Hawaiians opposed

Boxer Rebellion in China

missionaries, railroads, telegraph lines

Pres. Cleveland Monroe Doctrine

American mediate

America’s entrance into Spanish-American war

pressure by press and Maine

Treaty of Paris

Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines

Twenty Years Hull House

Jane Addams

New Social gosperl

reform of individuals and societyM

Muller v. Oregon

ill effects on health and safety of women

Roosevelt “absolutely vital question”

whether or not government can control trusts

Muckrakers

series of corporate political wrongdoing

Foreign policy, Roosevelt believed

“civilized nations” police the world and “backwards nations”needed guidance and control.

By 1890s, Standard Oil

• employed both horizontal and vertical integration

New building material that improved railroading

Steel produced via Bessemer process

Beginning of 20th century electricity

utilized mainly in urban areas

Railroad companies controlled by J. P. Morgan water stock

kept investors happy

Social Darwinism

progress result of competition

Gilded Age

greed, corruption, vulgarity

By the end of Indian Wars, Native American population had

fallen to 250,000 from 15 million

Development of West

important part of nationwide transformation

Three decades after 1870, migrated West to

 own their own land

General William Tecumseh Sherman wrote

remove to safe place, reduce to helpless condition

Dawes Act

broke reservation, allotted land to Native Americans

Comstock Lode

richest vein of silver ore

Federal government policy toward territorial government in West

benign neglect

Invention of barbed wire revolutionized cattle industry by

ranchers fence in cattle

After 1870, western portion of Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado referred to as

Great America Desert

Two factors that most helped stimulate land rush in trans-Mississippi West

Homestead Act of 1862 and transcontinental railroad

Women on frontier

forced to work hard at simple tasks

“Chips” . . . form of fuel used for cooking and heating in the plains, made of

chunks of dried cattle and buffalo dung

In view of majority of ex-slaveholders, emancipation meant

economy of South would collapse, southern society chaos

Pardons granted to rebels under Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty

restored property & political proclamation

“Sherman land” and establishment of Bureau of Refugees

lent validity to ex-slaves expectation of land ownership and sense of right to land

Some ex-slaves joined A.M.E. church because

wanted religious autonomy & escape white oversight

Among there who opposed Pres. Andrew Johnson wer

 Republican legislators

Lincoln & Johnson reconstruction plans shared emphasis on

pardon most forever rebel soldiers & ratification of 13th Amend

Black codes attempt to

subordinate blacks to whites & regulate labor supply

Civil Rights Act of 1866

made discrimination in state laws illegal

Impeachment trial of Pres. Johnson

ended Johnson’s interference in reconstruction

Ku Klux Klan began as

social club of Confederate veterans who wanted to restore white supremacy

System under which farmers rented small pieces of land . . . known as

sharecropping

Pres. Ulysses S. Grant administration saw

corruption at all levels of government, etc.