block 1

According to this theory, health and integrity of the epithelium and SLP are crucial for voice production.

cover-body theory

Select two sentences that best reveal the voice condition in a patient with Abductor Spasmodic Dysphonia (ABSD).

a. “We mow our lawn all year.”

b. “How hard did he hit him?”

 c. “We eat eels every day.”

d. “Peter will keep at the peak.”

b, d

What is the effects of increased mass on the frequency of vibration?

decreasing frequency

Falsetto normally employs longer open than closed periods of time across vibratory phases

true

Which equation (equations) is/are correct regarding the phonation....

 

a. At the beginning of phonation, subglottic pressure (P1) = Supraglottic pressure (P2) 

b. Phonation ceases when P1=P2

c. As you phonate P1 decreases and P2 increases

d. As you phonate P1 increases and P2 decreases

e. All of the above is correct

f. None is correct

b, c

The most common place of laryngeal carcinomas is glottal area

true

What do you think this is ?

"Fluid-filled lesion composed of gelatinous material in SLLP with active blood supply"

polyp

Which of the following tasks would be among the standard protocol of minimum  tasks for acoustic evaluation (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?

sustaining vowel /a/, gliding to high and low pitch, reading rainbow passage

The individual phonating who  experiences a loss of voice following a painful event in his life, has intact throat claring and then immediately regains his voice following voice promots may be said to have demonstrated a

psychogenic voice disorder

The tuning of vocal tract (resonators) will affect vocal intensity.

true

When it comes to differentiating patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia from those with tremor, researchers suggest that those with tremor tend to maintain significantly higher levels of hyperadduction

during sustaining vowels 

LPR could result in ....……..

globus sensation in the posterior larynx, granulation of laryngeal muscous, chronic cough

Ventricular Phonation

is treatable with voice therapy if the cause is solely hyperfunction

Which muscle is involved in decreasing the voice amplitude?

Thyroarythenoid

Aaron is a 71 year-old professor who complaints of hoarseness.  He presents with mildly breathy, weak voice.  He reports that hoarseness developed gradually over the years.  You performed a videostroboscopy and observed bowing of the vocal folds bilaterally.  You explain to Aaron that this presentation of the vocal folds is likely due to __________________.

Depletion of superficial lamina propria and atrophy of the thyrovocalis muscle

When it comes to differentiating patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia from those with muscle tension dysphonia, researchers suggest that those with MTD tend to maintain hyperadduction

across all speech and phonation tasks

Which of these acoustic indices measures variability in pitch in the signal?

a. F0SD

b. HNR

c. SPL

d. PTP

a

Which of the following acoustic measures are physical correlates of the quality of the voice?

All the items

F₀ directly reflects the ___________ of the vocal folds.  It is the acoustic correlate of ___________. Normative data for males are ______ to ______ Hz, and for females are ________ to _________ Hz.

vibratory rate, pitch,100-150, 180-250

Which choice/choices describes the contributing factors to development of juvenile voice in a young female? (select all that apply)

persistent use of falsetto register, Difficulties in self-identity

A 52 year old female with a suspected neurogenic disorder presents with irregular vocal tremors involving the TA muscle and the larynx. Upon testing those arrests were more significant during sustaining the vowels. The ENT will most likely diagnose this patient with

Essential vocal tremor

Bob is a 55 year-old male who complaints of right sided throat pain and chronic dysphonia. He reports that the pain gradually developed in the last several months. He is able to point an exact location of the pain.  As an astute clinician, you have a hunch for what Bob’s diagnosis is before you perform a video stroboscopy. You suspect that Bob has _________________.

Vocal fold granuloma

Laryngeal webs are

associated with a high pitched vocalization

True or False: PTP or phonation threshold pressure is the minimum level of lung pressure needed to sustain vocal fold oscillation at a specific pitch , which is increased in hyperfunctional voice disorders

true

An example of an organic voice disorder is

vocal fold cyst

Vocal nodules...………………

are optimally treated through voice therapy, are the most common benign lesions of the vocal folds in both children and adults

A pathology that usually occurs at the junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the vocal fold bilaterally is:

nodules

The perceptual correlates of intensity and frequency are _______ and _______

loudness-pitch

Miriam is a 28 year-old opera singer.  She reports that she lost her voice suddenly during her stage last night and had to ask her understudy (i.e. substitute) to take over her role.  You suspect that she might have developed ____________________.

Vocal fold hemorrhage

Subjectivity, poor inter and intra-rater reliability, and inconsistent correlations with acoustic measures are the most important caveats in using auditory perceptual evaluations.

true

Otolaryngologists and speech pathologists like to wait approximately 9-12 months before engaging in any medical intervention in hopes that the recurrent laryngeal nerve will regenerate in the case of an traumatic

 

unilateral vocal fold paralysis

A pathology that results in a grape-like growth that often recurs is:

papillomatosis

Julie is a 39 year-old female who is a nurse. She presents with moderate dysphonia and speech characterized by intermittent breathy breaks primarily on voiceless sounds. Her voice is normal when she laughs.  You suspect that she has _______________.

abductor spasmodic dysphonia

A spectrogram with a clear representation of harmonics indicates a normal acoustic signal (normal voice).

true

Which choice represents the most accurate location for Arytenoid cartilages?

Lamina of Cricoid

In order to increase pitch of your voice, you can increase/decrease subglottic pressure and loosen/tighten vocal fold adduction.

increase, tighten

The Voice Handicap Index is

the most popular self-perceived voice handicap instrument in use today

This structural laryngeal pathology is highly correlated with smoking.

Reinke's Edema

A posterior chink and an hourglass glottic closure are seen, respectively, in 

a. Nodule - Polyps

b. Paralysis- Nodules

c. Paralysis- presbyphonia

d. Hyperfunctional voice - Nodules

d

Muscle tension dysphonia is often characterized by

all of the above

Which explanation is correct in terms of the length of VF and F0 changes?

A: Low pitch, vocal folds shorter, thicker, less stiff -- vibrate more slowly

Contact ulcers are

highly responsive to voice therapy and an anti-reflux regimen

Vellecula is a space between the true and false vocal folds

false

When vocal folds lengthen, pitch normally ____________ due to contraction of the  __________________ muscles

increases, cricothyroid

Individuals presenting with the classic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease typically demonstrate reduced posture and increased rigidity, which in turn, is manifested in 

reduced vocal amplitude

Reduced subglottic pressure is seen in this vocal register:

glottal fry

Voice and speech approaches to Parkinson’s disease include increasing breath support and increasing vocal fold adduction for enhancing the loudness levels.

true

Which pathology could suffer from a significantly increased airflow rate?

VF Paralysis

The CAPE-V...

stands for the Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice

A 54 year old patient has been evaluated by a speech and language pathologist following concerns in changing his pitch; Speech pathologist has referred him to neurologist for neurologic evaluations; the MRI results shows a tumor on vagus nerve. As the concern is about pitch control, where could be the potential place of tumor on vagus nerve?

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve