Chapter One: Discovery/Settlement

Popes Rebellion (Pueblo Rebellion)

Drove spanish out of their land for around 12 years, leading to the abandonment of the encomienda system.

La Salle

A french explorer who was the first person to fully sail the entirety of the Mississippi river.

Who explored Canada + Northeast America?

The French

How long did the French explore America?

throughout the 15th-16th centuries.

Bering Strait

The strait that allowed humans to cross from Asia into America and settle there.

Columbus

“Discovers” new world when trying to get to India through a new trade route. Funded by Spain, but was Italian. 1492.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of ideas between Spanish explorers and Native Americans: included tech, plants, animals, ideas, illnesses

What did Natives get from the Columbian Exchange?

rice, wheat, coffee, olives, bananas, Small pox (wiped out 80-90% of population)

What did Spanish get from Columbian Exchange?

oats, avocados, squash, llamas, rattlesnakes, peppers, tomatoes, Syphilis

Encomienda System

the Natives were subjugated by the Spanish and forced to pay tributes, live in missions, complete slave labor, and subject to violence under what system?

What is one example of the encomienda system?

Juan de Onate (encomendero - 1598 - Santa Fe)

Cartier

Explored the St. Lawrence river and the Northeastern part of America.

Champlain

Discovered Quebec and explored modern day Canada

Marquette & Joliet

The boat La Salle took when sailing the entire Mississippi River.

English Explorers

Privateers/Pirates who were hired by the Queen to raid Spanish ships. e.g. Sir Francis Drake

Roanoke

First attempted English colony in America, was abandoned after three years with the message “Croatoan”

John White

Governor of Roanoke, returned after 3 years to Roanoke because England had been at war, found it abandoned.

Middle Colonies

Chesapeake Bay Region

When was peace with Spain established?

1606

Jamestown

First successful English colony, established 1607 in Virginia by Joint Stock Co.

Powhatan Confederacy

A group of Native Americans under chief Powhatan

John Smith

Leader of Jamestown colony

The Starving Years

Food shortage - lots of deaths, rebellions against John Smith, Smith’s work policy “no work no food”

John Rolfe

is able to grow tobacco to export, marries Pocahontas

Reforms of 1618-1619

a. Headright policy of 50 acres b. Relaxed Legal Code (Full rights of Englishmen)

Origins of African Slavery

Privateers raided Portuguese ships that had Angolan Slaves

Maryland

founded in 1624, haven for Catholics, named after Queen Mary

Sir George Calvert and son Cecilius Calvert

founded Maryland

Plymouth Massachusetts

Founded by the Pilgrims and their leader William Bradford

Mayflower Compact

consensual government which was voted on by all white men on board

John Winthrop

Puritan, founded Boston, gave sermon “city on a hill”, talked about wilderness zion

The Great Migration

80,000 immigrants come to America from Europe

Rhode Island

founded in 1631, hotspot for people banished from Massachusetts.

Roger Williams

founded Rhode Island, minister, hated Indian treatment, believed in separating the church from the government, got banished and established providence.

Anne Hutchinson

Preached covenant of grace, banished to Rhode Island, unfortunate life events.

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

written by John Locke, 1.) religious tolerance 2.) ethnic pluralism.

Pequot War

conflict between english colonists in massachusetts and pequot and wampanoag natives.

Treaty of Hartford

ended pequot war, natives lost and dispersed into other tribes.