Exam #3 (Chapters 10-14)

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Taliban

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Geography

48 Terms

1

Taliban

  • a group of fundamentalist Muslims who took control of Afghanistan's government

  • extreme fundamentalist Islamic organization

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2

loess

  • fertile, silty soil deposited by the wind

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3

theocracy

  • a government controlled by religious leaders

  • Tibet was theocracy led by Dalai Lama (leader of Buddhist religion)

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4

Reason why environment is relatively clean in Central Asia

  • low population density

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5

Reasons for shrinking Aral Sea

  • use of water from rivers feeding the sea for irrigation

  • 60% of the sea's volume disappeared, causing economic and cultural damages

  • series of dikes has helped raise water level by 26 feet

  • pollution also a problem

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6

Climate Change effects in Central Asia

  • would be hit hard by global warming

  • retreat of glaciers

  • 80% of Tibet's glaciers are melting

  • reduced precipitation in arid lowlands

  • desertification

  • saltinization

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7

Highest population concentration in Central Asia

  • lowland population where highlands meet the plains

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8

Areas of current Chinese control

  • Xinjiang & Tibet

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9

Country with worst overall social indicators

  • Afghanistan

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10

Social conditions in former Soviet Republics

  • literacy, life expectancy, education levels remain high for both men & women

  • women feel their place is slipping

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11

Problems with oil wealth

  • pipelines go through Russia (high fees)

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12

Taiwan vs. China political status

  • China claims Taiwan as own territory

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13

Special economic zones (SEZs)

  • welcome foreign investment

  • economic growth is around 10%

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14

Superconurbation

  • like meglapolis, huge zone of coalesced metropolitan areas (Tokoyo, Nagoya, Oskaa)

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15

% energy supply coming from hydroelectricity

  • very little for supply vs. demand

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16

Most serious environmental hazards in Japan

  • earthquakes & tsunnamis

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17

Side effects of China's one-child policy

  • gender imbalance, abortion or abandonment of girls, kidnapping of boys to sell to wealthy families, more boys born

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18

Concentration of population in Japan and South Korea

JAPAN:

  • Tokoyo, Osaka, Nagoya hold 65% of Japan's people (Tokiado Corridor)

  • most crowded in mainland industrial belt

  • shows a system of superconurbation SOUTH KOREA:

  • noted for urban primacy (concentration of urban population in a single city)

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19

Most densely populated area in East Asia

  • South Korea & Taiwan

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20

Cultural internationalism in East Asia

  • Japan: English a common language

  • South Korea: K-pop

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21

Country most Marxist

  • North Korea

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22

India's "breadbasket"

  • 1970-1990s: India more than doubled annual grain production (punjab)

  • Green Revolution

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23

Purpose of Golden Quadrilateral Highway

  • few freeways, travel time long

  • new route to connect New Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Mumbai

  • farms, sacred cities, environment destroyed

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24

Hutment

  • crude shelters built on sidewalks

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25

Population in South Asia

  • recently surpassed East Asia

  • India has more than 1.3 billion people

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26

Possible unifying language/lingua franca in India

  • English

  • Hindi

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27

Debate over Kashmir

  • under British rule

  • many Kashmiris wish to join Pakistan

  • some want to join India

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28

Top polluted cities in South Asia

  • air pollution in Delhi 6x recommended maximum

  • India to create air quality index/stricter regulations

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29

"Insular" Southeast Asia

  • region of countless islands

  • Indonesia, Philippines, & Malaysia

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30

Domino Theory

  • fear that if Vietnam fell to communism, the rest of Southeast Asia would follow

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31

ASEAN

  • Association of Southeast Asian Nations

  • Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam, China, and Taiwan all make claims to the Spratly and Paracel Islands

  • cooperation, concerns about outside influences (Chinese, Western)

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32

Swidden

  • cut forest/brush, burn to obtain nutrients in soil, then farmed until no longer productive, move to next area

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33

Major reason for deforestation in Southeast Asia

  • logging for export

  • damages watersheds, landscapes, habitats

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34

Singapore and low TFR

  • promoting childbearing

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35

Major reason for strained relationship with Chinese immigrants

  • considered aliens & are wealthy

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36

Country both on mainland & in islands

  • Malaysia

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37

Language in South Asia

  • 5 major linguistic groups

  • Austronesian languages (Madagascar to Easter Island)

  • Tibeto-Burman languages (Burmese)

  • Tai-Kadai languages (Thailand, Laos, uplands of Vietnam, parts of southern China)

  • Mon-Khmer languages (Vietnamese & Khmer language of Cambodia)

  • Malay the lingua franca

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38

Importance of Spratly Islands

  • contain many resources so fought over (oil)

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39

Vietnam's economy

  • grew over 8% per year

  • follows the Chinese model of economics (embracing market economies while retaining political forms of communism)

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40

Status of education in Southeast Asia

  • Singapore & Brunei lead the region in health & education

  • Loas, Cambodia, Burma, & East Timor rank low

  • many countries place high priority on basic education

  • high literacy rates

  • many study abroad

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41

Atoll

  • low, sandy island ringed by coral

  • often orientated around a central lagoon, originating with a volcano

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42

Aborigine

  • native Australian population

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43

Outback

  • Australia's thinly settled, huge, dry interior

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44

Location of most cities in Australia

  • along the coast

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45

Least developed country in Australia & Oceania

  • Melanesia

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46

Most important economic activity in Australia

  • mining

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47

Most important livestock in New Zealand

  • sheep

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48

Classic signs of underdevelopment seen in Oceania

  • housing shortage

  • inadequate roads & schools

  • street crime

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