psych unti 1

What does PTSD stand for, and what is it?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

What is psychology?

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Question, hypothesis, experiment, data collection, analysis, conclusion, replication.

What does confidentiality mean in psychology? (*)

Keeping client information private unless the client consents or there’s risk of harm.

What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Psychologists focus on therapy and research (PhD/PsyD); psychiatrists are medical doctors (MD) who can prescribe medication.

What are the major fields of psychology?

Clinical, counseling, developmental, industrial-organizational, experimental, social,forensic, health, personality, physiological

psychiatary

top dawg can prescribe meds can do anything a physiologist can but usually do as on “refill (meds) appointments”

developmental

human mental and physical growth from the prenatal stage til death

physiological (neurology)

studies brain& spinal cord

experimental

conduct experiments and research

personality

why some people are introverts vs extroverts

social

how people influence others

forensic

working with ppl that have mental health issues that are also involved with criminal justice system

industrial organizations

how to make a company run most efficiently? may work with advertising and human resources dept

What is object permanence?

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when not seen (develops in infancy).

What is an experimental group?

The group that receives the treatment/independent variable in an experiment.

What is a control group?

The group that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison.

What is an independent variable?

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

What is a dependent variable?

The variable that is measured as the outcome

What is a double-blind procedure?

Neither participants nor researchers know who receives treatment vs placebo.

What is the placebo effect? (*)

When participants experience changes because they believe they are receiving treatment, not from the treatment itself.

What is the nature vs nurture debate?

Whether behavior/traits are more influenced by genetics (nature) or environment/experience (nurture).

What are research methods in psych and their pros/cons: experiments

• can show cause-effect, but may lack common sense

What are research methods in psych and their pros/cons: correlation studies

• show relationships, but not cause-effect.

What are research methods in psych and their pros/cons: case studies

• detailed, but can’t be broadly appplied to other ppl, places or contexts.

What are research methods in psych and their pros/cons: surveys

• collect large data, but may have bias.

What are research methods in psych and their pros/cons: naturalistic observation

• real behavior, but no control.

What is correlation?

A measure of the relationship between two variables (positive, negative, or none).

What is a population in research?

The entire group researchers want to study

What is a random sample?

A subset of a population where every member has an equal chance of selection.

What was the Stanley Milgram experiment? (*)

Studied obedience by having participants “shock” others when instructed by authority

What was the Stanford Prison Experiment? (*)

Simulated prison; showed how social roles and authority can lead to abusive behavior.

What did the Time Magazine article about relationships discuss?

Importance of social connections and psychological effects of relationships.

What is androgyny?

Having both masculine and feminine personality traits.

what is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex = biological; gender = social/cultural roles and identity.

what are. gender stereotypes

Oversimplified, generalized beliefs about roles/traits of men and women.

what did freud say abt dreams

Dreams reveal unconscious desires and conflicts (the “royal road to the unconscious”).

what is freudian slip

An unintentional error in speech that reveals unconscious thoughts or feelings.

what is the conscious mind

thoughts we are aware of

what is the precocious mind

• memories accessible with effort.

what is the unconscious mind

• hidden thoughts/desires influencing behavior.

what is penis envy

reud’s idea that girls feel deprived of male genitalia and develop unconscious envy.

what is the oedipus complex

Freud’s theory that boys have unconscious sexual desire for their mother and rivalry with their father.

what is the electra complex

Freud’s theory that girls have unconscious desire for their father and rivalry with their mother.

clinical/ counseling

also known as a therapist help ppl with issues

physiologist

study the normal functioning of living organisms