Neural Sciences & Psychopharmacology Lecture Review

Flashcards created from lecture notes covering key concepts in Neural Sciences and Psychopharmacology.

What is the role of the amygdala in anxiety?

The amygdala is involved in attaching emotional significance to information and mediating defensive and aggressive behavior, influencing responses in anxiety and anger.

What are the neurotransmitters associated with depression?

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are associated with some forms of depression.

What do FGAs do in the context of antipsychotic medications?

FGAs reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission by blocking D2 receptors in four dopamine pathways.

What is pharmacodynamics?

Pharmacodynamics refers to what the drug does to the body.

What is a common mistake in unsuccessful antidepressant drug trials?

Too low a dosage for too short a time.

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

SSRIs inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, leaving more serotonin in the synaptic cleft.

What are the signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

Symptoms may include confusion, agitation, muscle rigidity, rapid heart rate, and increased body temperature.

What are common side effects associated with SSRIs?

Headache, dizziness, dry mouth, nausea, and sexual dysfunction are common side effects.

How does anxiety differ from fear?

Fear is a short-term, stimulus-specific response, while anxiety is a sustained response influencing behavior after the stimulus is removed.

What is discontinuation syndrome in relation to SSRIs?

Discontinuation syndrome involves withdrawal symptoms occurring when SSRIs are stopped abruptly.

What medications are FDA approved for the treatment of PTSD?

SSRIs like sertraline (Zoloft) and paroxetine (Paxil) are first-line treatments for PTSD.

What are the effects of traditional antipsychotics (FGAs) on symptoms?

FGAs are largely effective for positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, but relatively ineffective for negative symptoms.

What patient education is important for MAOIs?

Patients should avoid foods containing tyramine to prevent hypertensive crisis.

What are the risks associated with the use of TCAs?

Anticholinergic effects, cardiac arrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension, and sedation are concerning risks.

What is the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics?

Atypical antipsychotics act as serotonin-dopamine antagonists.

What is the importance of a washout period before starting an MAOI?

A washout period is required before starting an SSRI to prevent serotonin syndrome.

What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)?

Reduced consciousness, increased muscle tone, hyperpyrexia, and autonomic dysfunction characterize NMS.

When is lithium toxicity suspected?

Symptoms like vomiting, slurred speech, and muscle weakness indicate possible lithium toxicity.

Which SSRI has an indication for the treatment of bulimia?

Fluoxetine (Prozac) is indicated for decreasing binging patterns in bulimia.

What common medication is used for alcohol withdrawal?

Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, are commonly used to treat alcohol withdrawal.

What are SSRIs and their role in anxiety disorders?

SSRIs are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and are effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety.

What is the significance of the CYP450 interaction mentioned in SSRIs?

Certain SSRIs like fluoxetine and paroxetine are significant enzyme inhibitors, which can impact the metabolism of other drugs.

What are performance anxiety treatments?

Beta blockers are used to treat performance anxiety.

What is detrebenazine used for?

Detrebenazine is used to treat Tardive Dyskinesia.