APUSH 2025 Unit 1 Linhart

The spread of maize cultivation from present-day Mexico northward into the present-day American Southwest and beyond supported

Economic development, settlement, advanced irrigation, and social diversification among societies

Societies responded to the aridity of the Great Basin and the grasslands of the western Great Plains by

Developing largely mobile lifestyles

Societies in the Northeast, the Mississippi River Valley, and along the Atlantic seaboard formed permanent settlements by

Developing mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economies

Societies in the Northwest and present-day California supported themselves by

Hunting and gathering

European nations’ efforts to explore and conquer the New World stemmed from

A search for new sources of wealth, economic and military competition, and a desire to spread Christianity

The Colombian Exchange brought

New crops to Europe from the Americas, stimulated European population growth, found new sources of mineral wealth (gold!), facilitated the European shift from feudalism to capitalism

A joint-stock company is

A business owned in shares by many people

Two economic developments helped drive changes to the European and American economies are

Improvements in maritime technology and more organized methods for conduction international trade

Spanish exploration and conquest of the Americas were accompanied and furthered by

Widespread deadly epidemics that devastated native populations and the introduction of crops and animals not found in the Americas

In the encomienda system

Spain’s king granted natives who lived on a tract of land to individual Spaniards.

European traders partnered with some West African groups who practiced slavery to

Forcibly extract slave labor for the Americas

The Spanish caste system carefully defined the roles of

Spaniards, natives, and blacks

Maize was important to native culture because

It allowed for larger and more densely settled populations. In turn, this led to more socially diversified societies in which people specialized in their work

The Adena-Hopewell culture, centered in Ohio, is famous for

Its large earthen mounds, some 300 feet long

Capitalism is

An economic system that focuses on the production, trade, and selling of capital in exchange for money

The Asiento system

Required colonists to pay a tax to the Spanish king on each enslaved person they imported to the Americas

The middle passage is

The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean

The Spanish New Laws of 1542

Somewhat improved native conditions, but parts were repealed due to pressure from conservative Spaniards

The French maintained good relations with the Native Americans because

They saw them as potential economic and military allies