AP World History 4.,4.2,4.3

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

Carracks

a large merchant ship of a kind operating in European waters in the 14th to the 17th century.

Fluyts

The smaller, less expensive ships sailed by the Dutch merchants and traders. They required fewer sailors and less material to make, allowing the Dutch to charge 2/3 the price of other countries.

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

magnetic compass

Chinese invention that aided navigation by showing which direction was north

Magnetic compass and astrolabe

new inventions helping sailing

Prince Henry the Navigator

Sent others to explore for him, made very first explorer school, first person to value exploring

Bartholomeu Dias (Portugal)

Sailed to the Cape of Good Hope in southern Africa. (1488)

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route.

Magellan

-was the leader/captain of the first people to circumnavigate the world, led Spanish expedition to Philippines

Francis Drake (England)

English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)

Cartography

science or art of making maps

Amerigo Vespucci

The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him

Jaques Cartier

French explorer, found the St. Lawrence River and laid claim to Canada as a French possesion (1534)

Samuel de Champlain (France)

Established Quebec. First permanent French colony in America

Henry Hudson (England)

Explored water around New York City, Hudson Bay & Hudson River.

Cape of Good Hope

Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.

trading post empire

This is the type of empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean trading arena./The Portuguese sought to control the commerce in the area and did not want to control large areas of land.

Northwest Passage

a water route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans along the northern coast of North America

Conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

cash crop

farm crop raised to be sold for money

Old World Foods

wheat, grapes, olives, garden vegetables. (From africa and asia: bananas, coconuts, sugar)

New World Foods

Maize, Potatoes, Tobacco, Manioc

Old World animals

Cattle, horse, pig, sheep, goats, chickens

New World animals

turkey, llama, guinea pig, alpacas

African Diaspora

Name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade.

Maize

An early form of corn grown by Native Americans

Old World diseases

Smallpox, influenza, chicken pox, yellow fever, malaria

New World diseases

syphilis

Spice Islands

Europeans' name for the Moluccas, islands rich in cloves and nutmeg = Indonesia

Manila

Capital of the Spanish Philippines and a major multicultural trade city that already had a population of more than 40,000 by 1600.

John Cabot

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage

Galleons

Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion.

Primogeniture Laws

the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn male child to inherit the family estate, in preference to siblings. In the absence of children, the inheritance is passed to collateral relatives, usually males, in order of seniority of their lines of descent