WGU D202 OA

Human development life stages

prenatal
infancy
toddlerhood
early childhood
middle childhood
late childhood
adolescence
early adulthood
middle adulthood
late adulthood

Germinal Period

first 14 days
fertilization
implantation of zygote
creation of blastocyst

zygote

fertilized ovum

blastocyst

embryo before implantation into uterine wall

Embryonic Period

weeks 3-8
called embryo
some fail to chromosomal abnormalities
placenta formed
brain begins to develop at 3 weeks

embryo

developing mammal following conception; first 8 weeks

Chromosomal abnormality

occurs when a child inherits too many or too few chromosomes

Fetal Period

weeks 8+
viability about 24 weeks

basis for sexual orientation

not clear
scientists are currently investigating influences of genetics, birth order and hormones

Maternal factors that can affect development of fetus

age under 15 or over 35
teratogens
diabetes
high blood pressure
Rh factor
weight gain
stress
depresson

teratogens

environmental factors that con contribute to birth defects and include some maternal diseases, pollutants, drugs, and alcohol

Rh Disease

form of anemia caused by the Rh protein

Risks of pregnancy for mother and baby

ectopic pregnancy
preeclampsia
spontaneous abortion

Ectopic pregnancy

fertilized egg implants itself outside of the uterus

Preeclampsia

high blood pressure, plus possible damage to the liver and kidneys
toxemia

Spontaneous abortion

miscarriage
non-induced death of a nonviable embryo or fetus

Types of delivery

vaginal
cesarean
induction

How many stages of labor are there for vaginal deliveries?

three

Cesarean

surgery to deliver the baby through the mothers abdomen

When is the apgar test performed?

one minute after birth and five minutes after birth

Why is the apgar test performed?

identify babies who are having difficulties breathing or who have other issues that require more attention

What does apgar stand for

Activity
pulse
grimace
appearance
respiration

What does the apgar measure?

heart and respiratory rate
muscle tone
reflexes
color

What does the Activity of apgar measure?

muscle tone
touching babies palm

What does the Grimace of apgar measure?

response to stimulation
rubbing the foot

What do doctors also use to assess newborns other than apgar?

Neonatal behavioral assessment scale

Postpartum Phase

begins when baby is born and ends when mother's body is practically back to normal

Postpartum anxiety

elevated sense of worry about the infant following childbirth
should seek medical assistance

Postpartum depression

unusual sadness occurring in the period following childbirth

postpartum psychosis

serious mental illness that can affect a new mother following childbirth
Loses touch with reality

Motor development

physical growth and strengthening of a child's bones and muscles
more apparent when children are able to move and touch their surroundings

Gross motor skills

large muscle groups that control the head torso arms and legs and involve larger movements balancing running and jumping

Cephalocaudal growth development

head to tail

proximodistal growth development

midline outward

Sensory development

emphasizes the processes used to take in information from the environment and can be affected by the infant's developing motor abilities

Related to improved infant, child, and maternal health and to stronger immune systems

better nutrition

Kwashiorkor

diets deficient in protein
disease of the displaced child
after birth of another sibling
swollen abdomen due to breaking down vital organs for protein

Genes

inherited building blocks of nature, which determine an organism's development