Genes and chromosomes

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes with the same size, centromere location, and gene location

sister chromatids

2 identical replicated chromatid copies

non-sister chromatids

Chromatically on different homologs

Genes

Small sections of DNA that code for a specific protein

Alleles

Different versions of the same gene

Almost all cells in your body have the same __

Genome- entire set of DNA in a cell

Genotype

A pair alleles that code for the same gene

Homozygous

2 different alleles for the same gene

Heterozygous

Different alleles for the same gene

Phenotype

The physical and behavioural expression of a gene

Autosomes

non gendered chromosomes

How many autosomes to humans have?

22

Sex chromosomes

X and Y chromosomes

How many sex chromosomes to humans have

1 set if XX or XY

What is a genetic mutation?

A change in the nucleotide sequence

Name 3 types of mutations

Insertion, deletion, substitution

Centrosome

The point of construction on a chromosome

How many strands of DNA in an unreplicated chromosome?

1

ploidy

The number of chromosomes in one set

Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome

Haploid

1 copy of each chromosome

Diploid

2 copies of each chromosome

Polyploid

3 or more of each chromosome in a set

Haploid number

The number of chromosomes in a gamete

How to find haploid number (in humans ie.)

2n = 46

Haploid number = 46/2

What is the difference between gene and genome?

Genome: refers to the entire set of dna within a cell

Gene: small section of dna that codes for a specific protein

How many chromosomes are pictured?

How many DNA molecules?

1 chromosome

1 DNA molecule

Describe this image (replicated or un-replicated?)

Un-replicated

How many chromosomes are in this image?

Number of DNA molecules?

1 chromosome

2 DNA molecule

Describe the image (# and type of chromatid, replicated or un-replicated?)

2 sister chromatids

Replicated chromosome