Civil War SS Test

Population changes

The North’s population grew rapidly due to immigration, while the South remained rural and agrarian.

North & South Economies

The North was industrial with wage labor; the South relied on agriculture and slavery.

Territory additions/impacts

New territories (Kansas-Nebraska Act, Compromise of 1850) fueled disputes over slavery expansion.

Dred Scott impacts

The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories.

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory that started the war (April 1861).

Manassas/Bull Run

First major battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory which proved the war would be long (July 1861).

Antietam

The bloodiest single-day battle; led to the Emancipation Proclamation (September 1862).

Gettysburg

Turning point of the war; Union victory that stopped the Confederate invasion of the North (July 1863).

Appomattox Courthouse

Where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the war (April 1865).

Clara Barton

Nurse who founded the American Red Cross.

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general who later became the 18th U.S. president.

Rose Greenhow

Confederate spy who passed Union secrets to the South.

Andrew Johnson

Lincoln’s vice president; became president after Lincoln’s assassination and led Reconstruction.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general who surrendered at Appomattox.

William T. Sherman

Led the 'March to the Sea,' devastating the South.

Harriet Tubman

Former slave, Underground Railroad leader, and Union spy.

Zebulon Vance

Governor of North Carolina who opposed Confederate draft policies.

Fort Fisher

Protected Wilmington, NC, the last major Confederate port; fell in 1865.

“Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”

Wealthy could pay for substitutes; poor men were forced to fight.

Anaconda Plan

Union strategy to blockade Southern ports and split the Confederacy.

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln’s speech emphasizing unity and democracy (1863).

Emancipation Proclamation

Freed slaves in Confederate states, shifting war focus to ending slavery (1863).

Union Blockade

Union navy cut off Confederate supplies to weaken their economy.

Lincoln’s Assassination

Killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre (April 1865).

Reconstruction Amendments

13th (abolished slavery), 14th (citizenship for former slaves), 15th (voting rights for Black men).

Freedmen’s Bureau

Helped formerly enslaved people with education, jobs, and housing.

North vs. South comparisons

North had industry, railroads, and larger population; South had agriculture and military tradition.

Union advantages

More soldiers, factories, railroads, and a navy.

Confederate Advantages

Home-field advantage, better generals, motivation to defend their land.

Confederate States

11 total: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina.

Border States

5 total: Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware.