Civil War SS Test

Here are the answers to each topic concisely:

### Causes:

- Population changes: The North’s population grew rapidly due to immigration, while the South remained rural and agrarian.

- North & South Economies: The North was industrial with wage labor; the South relied on agriculture and slavery.

- Territory additions/impacts: New territories (Kansas-Nebraska Act, Compromise of 1850) fueled disputes over slavery expansion.

- Dred Scott impacts: The Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not citizens and that Congress couldn’t ban slavery in territories, angering abolitionists.

### Battles:

- Fort Sumter: First battle; Confederate victory started the war (April 1861).

- Manassas/Bull Run: First major battle; Confederate victory proved the war would be long (July 1861).

- Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle; led to the Emancipation Proclamation (September 1862).

- Gettysburg: Turning point of the war; Union victory stopped Confederate invasion of the North (July 1863).

- Appomattox Courthouse: Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, effectively ending the war (April 1865).

### People:

- Clara Barton: Nurse who founded the American Red Cross.

- Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States.

- Ulysses S. Grant: Union general; later the 18th U.S. president.

- Rose Greenhow: Confederate spy who passed Union secrets to the South.

- Andrew Johnson: Lincoln’s vice president; became president after assassination; led Reconstruction.

- Robert E. Lee: Confederate general; surrendered at Appomattox.

- William T. Sherman: Led “March to the Sea,” devastating the South.

- Harriet Tubman: Former slave, Underground Railroad leader, Union spy.

- Zebulon Vance: Governor of North Carolina; opposed Confederate draft policies.

### NC in War:

- Fort Fisher: Protected Wilmington, NC, the last major Confederate port; fell in 1865.

- North Carolina’s role in the war: Provided troops, supplies, and key battles; last state to secede.

- “Rich man’s war, poor man’s fight”: Wealthy could pay for substitutes; poor men were forced to fight.

### Documents:

- Anaconda Plan/cartoon: Union strategy to blockade Southern ports and split the Confederacy.

- Gettysburg Address: Lincoln’s speech emphasizing unity and democracy (1863).

- Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in Confederate states, shifting war focus to ending slavery (1863).

### Events:

- Union Blockade/Blockade Running: Union navy cut off Confederate supplies; blockade runners smuggled goods.

- Lincoln’s Assassination: Killed by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theatre (April 1865).

### Reconstruction:

- Reconstruction Amendments: 13th (abolished slavery), 14th (citizenship for former slaves), 15th (voting rights for Black men).

- Freedmen’s Bureau: Helped formerly enslaved people with education, jobs, and housing.

### Other Topics:

- North vs. South comparisons: North had industry, railroads, and larger population; South had agriculture and military tradition.

- Union advantages: More soldiers, factories, railroads, and a navy.

- Confederate Advantages: Home-field advantage, better generals, motivation to defend their land.

- Confederate States (11 total): South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina.

- Border States (5 total): Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware.

Let me know if you need anything expanded!