Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to mitosis, meiosis, genetic recombination, and chromosome disorders.

Number of duplications of chromosomes

Refers to how many complete stages of interphase occurred, which is one at the beginning of mitosis and one at the beginning of meiosis.

Mitosis cell division outcome

One to two daughter cells.

Meiosis cell division outcome

One to four cells.

End chromosome number after Mitosis

46 chromosomes (identical to the parent cell and diploid).

End chromosome number after Meiosis

23 chromosomes (half of the parent cells and haploid).

Function of Mitosis and Meiosis

Growth, maintenance, and repair in multicellular organisms; introducing variation in genetics for unicellular organisms.

Goal of the second round of meiosis

Just to make more cells.

Independent assortment

Homologous chromosomes pair up randomly based on the orientation of chromosomes from the maternal and paternal sides during prophase one.

Number of possible chromosome arrangements in humans due to independent assortment

Two to the power of 23, resulting in over 8 million options.

Crossing over

After independent assortment, internal cystic chromatids cross over and swap genetic parts, mixing genes from maternal and paternal origins.

Dominant traits in genetics

Some options for traits are more dominant and override or mask the presence of other traits.

Recessive characteristics

Requires receiving the recessive version from both parents to be expressed.

Dominant characteristics

Requires only one parent to have the dominant allele for the offspring to express the trait.

Nondisjunction

Uneven split of chromosomes during anaphase one or anaphase two of meiosis.

Trisomy

Having an extra chromosome.

Monosomy

Missing a chromosome.

Nondisjunction

The older a woman is, the more of this process she will undergo

Fertilization

Sperm and an ovum combine to form a zygote with the original parent chromosome count (46).

Chromosome number in each cell of an embryo undergoing mitosis

46 chromosomes.