APUSH Unit 1

Pueblo

Indian tribe of southwest; focused on maize cultivation (corn)

Chinook

Indian tribe of northwest; sedentary; hunting, fishing, foraging

Sioux

Indian confederation of Great Basin and Great Plains; migratory due to lack of resources; chased buffalo

Iroquois

Indian tribe of northeast; cultivated crops and migratory; some permanent villages

mestizo

mix of Indian and European

zambo

mix of of Indian and African

Columbian exchange

exchange of animals, plants, cultures, populations, diseases, etc between Europe and the Americas after 1492

joint stock company

company in which different amounts (stakes) can be bought of a company; you receive profits in relation to your stake

sextant

instrument used to measure latitude

Juan de Sepulveda

Spanish humanist that claimed Indians were natural slaves in Valladolid debate; Indians were "as children to parents, as women to men" as thus inferior

Bartolome de las Casas

Spanish humanist that claimed Indians were created in God's image, and thus should not be enslaved; he said "All the peoples of the world are men and thus possess natural rights, including the right to liberty."

Valladolid debate

debate over the treatment of Indians between Sepulveda and las Casas in the early 1500s

Pueblo Revolt

example of how Indians strove to maintain independence in face of European subjugation; led by Pope, it was revolt against Spanish and the Catholicism they brought

context

The setting or circumstances surrounding an event that allows you to understand the event better

Potosi

silver mines in South America mined for Spanish by native labor

encomienda

a grant given by the king of Spain to a conqueror in the Americas to exploit the labor (Native Americans) on the land that was conquered

Hopi

southwestern tribe characterized by matrilineal gender structure